Estimation of lamb carcass composition from measurements of the speed of ultrasound in the soft tissues of live animals and carcasses

The application of the velocity of sound (VOS) technique to lamb carcasses in a previous study (Fisher & Page, 1986) measured composition at a hind limb and neck site but was not as precise as fat scores in predicting lean proportion. This study examines VOS measurements made at sites in the hind limbs and along the vertebral column in live sheep and carcasses. A group (A) comprising five breeds of males and females (n = 61) and a sub-group (B) of Scottish Blackface castrated males (n = 34) were studied, and the reciprocal velocity of ultrasound (RV) was measured on the live sheep immediately behind the shoulder and over the last rib using a fixed-distance transducer assembly operating at 5 MHz, and in the hind limbs at 2·25 MHz using the apparatus described by Miles et al. (1984). Corresponding measurements were made on the carcasses which were classified by a Meat and Livestock Commission fatstock officer and then dissected. Standard deviations of lean proportion were 4·48% (A) and 3·39% (B). The residual standard deviations (rsds) for groups A and B respectively were obtained using the following predictors: live mass (LM) 4·27% and 2·96%; LM + breed (B) 3·08% (group A only); LM + mean RV 2·36% and 2·07%; LM + B + mean RV 1·99% (group A only). Using carcass measurements: carcass mass (CM) 4·25% and 2·90%; CM + MLC fat score 2·99% and 2·12%; CM + RV last rib 2·89% and 2·02%. These data show that VOS measurements through dorsal sites of live sheep provide encouragingly precise estimates of carcass lean proportion. For carcasses, dorsal sites provide a less precise estimate of carcass lean but when carcass mass is included in multiple regression the precision of the correlation is comparable with that of multiple regression of fat score with carcass mass.     

元坝气田高含硫污水处理及回注方案优选

元坝地区长兴组气藏采出水矿化度、含盐量高,氯离子含量尤其高,在温度、压力等条件发生变化时有结垢产生沉淀的可能;气田水呈酸性或碱性、悬浮物含量超标;净化厂生产废水含有多种有机物和H2S,具有高危险性、高COD值等特点。根据水质特点,参考同类气田(普光气田、龙岗气田等)的污水处理经验,比选污水处理指标、处理方案、回注方案、回注层位及回注井,优选出适合元坝气田的污水处理及回注方案。     

最大平均相关高度的归一化模板在畸变目标识别中的应用

本文基于最大平均相关高度算法设计了一种归一化模板,解决了联合变换相关器的畸变目标识别问题。该方法通过对最大平均相关高度频域滤波器的控制参数优化,映射到空域获得初始模板,归一化后得到归一化模板。相比于初始模板,归一化模板大大提高了模板与待测目标的灰度相似性。仿真实验表明,该模板能有效增强待探测目标的相关峰亮度,在联合变换相关器上可实现对畸变目标的识别,其比例畸变容差为53%,旋转畸变容差为20°。通过实验,给出了畸变飞机的相关识别结果。     

THE ETCH-PITS FEATURE OF BCC METALS AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THEIR GRAIN ORIENTATION

借助于金相显微镜和扫描电镜,探讨了bcc金属中蚀坑形状和晶粒位向的关系。晶粒的位向采用扫描电镜电子通道花样技术确定,实验结果表示在单位赤面投影三角形中。 采用矢量分析和坐标变换方法,推导了一组描述蚀坑形状和晶粒位向的关系式,并用理论计算数据制成图表。应用这些图表,可以迅速地确定晶粒位向。 因为蚀坑形状是以方位角(θ,φ)的连续函数来描述,故晶粒位向的分析结果可直接表示在单位赤面投影三角形中,且易于确定晶界的变换矩阵。 应用本文的蚀坑分析技术,曾对一些冶金问题进行了探讨。     

A RAPID METHOD FOR INDEXING THE ELECTRON CHANNELLING PATTERN

<正> 在扫描电子显微镜中,利用晶体试样对高能电子的电子通道效应所获得的图样,称为电子通道花样,它在外貌上,颇类似于从透射电子显微镜所获得的菊池花样,也是由一系列规则分布的、具有明显不同衬度的带组成,这些具有不同衬度的带称为某(hkl)晶面的电子通道带(或简称为通道带)。电子通道花样中所显示的衬度和角分辨率同晶体的表面状态和完整性有关;在几何关系上,每一通道带是同晶体试样中一定的(h     

锻钢轧辊的制造

由于板带材对尺寸公差、表面和组织结构要求很严,因而对锻钢轧辊的质量要求越来越高。锻钢轧辊的质量还直接影响着轧机的生产率和成材率。高速、高轧制力更对锻钢轧辊提出了新的要求。此外,许多轧材用     

FeCuMoSiB合金穆斯堡尔谱研究

用Ｘ射线衍射技术和穆斯堡尔谱技术，研究了Ｆｅ７３．５ＣｕＭｏ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金的结构和超业细相互作用。该合金的相组成为α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）纳米晶和边界相即五余非晶相。典型纳米晶状态下的穆斯堡尔谱由５条亚谱构成，其中４条亚谱为６峰谱，对应α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）相中的４种不同环境的Ｆｅ原子。另１条亚谱对应边界处的非晶相，研究了非晶带材经５００－６００℃不同温度晶化处理后的穆斯堡尔谱特性。     

OBSERVATION OF THE FATIGUE FRACTURE SURFACE OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS

利用扫描电镜对两种高强钢的疲劳断口进行了观察,并参照裂纹扩展速率曲线(log da/dN-log△K)进行了分析,其结果如下: (1)在对应低速率区的断口表面存在三个特征形貌区,这表明在该区的裂纹扩展过程具有三个阶段:裂纹形成,微裂纹扩展,和一个受沿晶开裂机制和穿晶疲劳条纹生长机制所控制的过渡阶段. (2)在中速率区,疲劳裂纹扩展的发生主要是受疲劳条纹生长机制作用.但是,发现疲劳条纹间距S并不与宏观裂纹扩展速率dα/dN相一致. (3)在高速率区,裂纹扩展速率行为是由疲劳条纹生长机制和韧窝机制所控制.有关这两种机制的相互作用和韧窝生长规律都进行了定量研究.     

电子通道显微术观察多晶位向衬度

为了从多晶试样的表面显示多晶试样的结晶学衬度,文中对两种电子光学光路进行了探讨。分析结果表明: 1.对标准扫描光路,电子通道显微像的放大倍数是由电子束的扫描角范围控制,而几何衬度和结晶学衬度的比例可通过讯号处理方法来调节; 2.对欠聚焦摇摆光路,电子通道显微像的放大倍数由失焦距离控制,而从变形试样所获得的异常位向衬度效应有可能通过重叠在电子通道显微像上的电子通道花样来注释。文中用W,Mo和奥氏体不锈钢等试样进行了观察,本方法有可能用来研究多晶材料的位向分布和形变行为。     

Integrated electronic transport and thermometry at milliKelvin temperatures and in strong magnetic fields

We fabricated a He-3 immersion cell for transport measurements of semiconductor nanostructures at ultra low temperatures and in strong magnetic fields. We have a new scheme of field-independent thermometry based on quartz tuning fork Helium-3 viscometry which monitors the local temperature of the sample's environment in real time. The operation and measurement circuitry of the quartz viscometer is described in detail. We provide evidence that the temperature of two-dimensional electron gas confined to a GaAs quantum well follows the temperature of the quartz viscometer down to 4 mK.