Anatomic bases of a vascularized allogenic knee joint transplantation: arterial blood supply of the human knee joint

The reliable identification of tumor cells in populations of atypical cells occurring in body cavity effusions is a well-known diagnostic problem. In order to improve tumor cell detection and to predict disease progression, we developed a cell scoring strategy based on a combination of DNA cytophotometry and immunocytochemistry. For this purpose, morphologically atypical cells obtained from 33 effusion samples were submitted to DNA content analysis and tested for Ber-EP4 immunoreactivity. It turned out that elevated DNA content alone has a low specificity (true negative ratio) and sensitivity (true positive ratio) in predicting disease outcome, whereas Ber-EP4 immunoreactivity alone has a high specificity (100%) but a low sensitivity (56%). In contrast, the use of a scoring system combining the two techniques and relating scores to the previous disease state and the cytomorphology of the atypical cells results in highly specific and sensitive prediction of the disease outcome. We therefore suggest that this approach is a valuable tool for reliably identifying tumor cells in effusions containing populations of cytologically suspect cells.     

Evidence that the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein may be involved in lymphoid cell signaling pathways

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked combined immunodeficiency affecting cells of several different hemopoietic lineages. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), which has no homology with any other known protein families, is rich in proline motifs known to contribute to Src homology 3 binding sites. However, its function has not been determined. The Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, which include Btk (the X-linked agammaglobulinemia gene), Itk, and Tec, is thought to be involved in lymphoid cell signaling pathways. In this work, we show binding of WASP to the Src homology 3 domains of Btk, Itk, Tec, Grb2, and phospholipase C-gamma, which suggests a function for WASP in lymphoid cell signaling.     

General and oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection: a general overview with guidelines for infection control in the dental practice

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has in the span of a decade become an epidemic of global proportions. Oral lesions, head and neck diseases are often the first manifestations of HIV-1 infection and AIDS. It is essential for all dentists to familiarize themselves with the oral manifestations of HIV-infection as well as the dental management of such manifestations. In addition to all health care, professionals should become acquainted with the "universal precautions" recommended by the Centers for Disease Control, in order to protect themselves, their staff, and their patients to minimize, if not totally eliminate, any risk of infectious disease transmission in the health care setting. This paper presents a general overview of the human immunodeficiency virus; oral manifestations of HIV-infection; "universal precautions" and guidelines for the control of infection in the dental practice.     

What's the latest? II. Cultural age deadlines for educational and work transitions

The age-normative framework has gained widespread acceptance among students of the life course since the pioneering work of Bernice Neugarten had her colleagues in the 1960s. Investigators have begun to call for new research in this area to determine how these schedules operate in contemporary American society, how they might vary by life sphere, and how they might operate differently for men and women or along other important social divisions. Building on interviews with a random sample of 319 adults in the Chicago metropolitan area, we turn our attention to cultural age "deadlines" for a series of general transitions related to education and work. While a rough, "normal biography" of educational and work life existed in the minds of our respondents, the deadlines attached to that biography were flexible guidelines for how those trajectories might unfold, not rigid, normative principles. We relate these findings to complementary evidence on family transitions, and we consider our findings in light of two lively scholarly debates. One debate concerns the degree to which various life spheres (e.g., family, education, and work) are more or less structured by age, and the other debate concerns the degree to which men's lives are more or less structured by age compared to women's lives.     

Course of the optic nerve fibers through the lamina cibrosa in human eyes

BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether regional variations in the course of the optic nerve fibers through the lamina cribrosa may be one of the reasons why the local susceptibility for glaucomatous optic nerve fiber loss differs among the various regions of the optic disc. METHODS: The study included 34 human eyes enucleated because of a malignant melanoma of the peripheral choroid without involvement of the anterior chamber angle or the optic nerve. Anterior-posterior sections through the pupil and the optic disc were histomorphometrically evaluated. In the central region and the peripheral part of the optic disc, we measured the thickness of the lamina cribrosa and the length of the lamina cribrosa "channels" through which the nerve fibers pass. RESULTS: In the peripheral parts of the disc, compared with its central region, the lamina cribrosa was significantly thicker (P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test), the lamina cribrosa "channels" with the nerve fibers passing through were significantly longer (P < 0.0001), and the ratio of length of the fiber "channels" to the thickness of the lamina cibrosa was significantly higher (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The lamina cribrosa is thicker and the course of the optic nerve fibers through the lamina cribrosa is more curvilinear in the disc pheriphery than in the disc center. These variations in the anatomy of the lamina cribrosa may be one of several factors influencing the regional susceptibility for glaucomatous optic nerve fiber loss within the optic nerve head.     

Loss of renal tissue in the elderly

Eighty-eight kidneys obtained at necropsy from normotensive subjects aged over 50 years were examined histologically and by post-mortem pyelography and angiography. Moderate or severe scarring was present in 50%. Its distribution and the absence of calyceal deformity make pyelonephritic scarrig unlikely. Its extent was related to the severity of change in the renal vessels, but not to age. On pyelograms, scarring was difficult to distinguish from fetal lobation. Kidneys with the most severe histological changes in the vessels tended to show the most marked angiographic distortion, though in general the two techniques examine different parts of the renal vascular bed. Total renal area and "cortical" area, measured from the angiograms, were not significantly correlated with age, thouth both tended to be smaller in older subjects. These dimensions, particularly cortical area, were significantly correlated with vascular changes, being smallest when vessels were most markedly affected. Results suggest that the loss of renal tissue which occurs in the elderly, particularly selective loss of cortex, is more closely related to events in the renal vasculature than to age itself.     

The course of patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The identification of low-risk patients for early transfer from intensive care

The hospital course of all patients admitted to a medical intensive-care unit (ICU) with suspected myocardial infarction was reviewed to test the feasibility of identifying patients suitable for earlier transfer from the ICU. Three hundred sixty patients admitted after presentation with uncomplicated chest pain could be stratified into three risk groups within 24 hours of admission to the ICU. One hundred sixty-eight patients (47 per cent), who were without major complications, elevation of total serum creatine phosphokinase, or electrocardiographic evidence of transmural infarction during the first day, could be designated "low-risk" patients. Three per cent of the low-risk patients subsequently met clinical criteria for infarction, 2 percent had late complications in the ICU, and none died. Rates of infarction, late complications in the ICU, and mortality in the hospital were significantly higher for patients at intermediate and high risk. Identification of low-risk patients for whom early transfer may be routinely indicated is feasible and could reduce by 55 per cent the total number of days that such patients spend in the ICU.     

新型塑料防霉剂的筛选

主要介绍了塑料防霉剂研制过程。对市场上不同塑料防霉剂以及三唑类农用杀菌剂进行测试比较,从中筛选出新型塑料防霉剂。     

Relationship of tuberculosis course in adolescents with acute phase blood proteins and genetic types of haptoglobin

The phenotype of haptoglobin (Hp) was determined and Hp and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) were many times measured in the sera of 131 adolescents with first identified tuberculosis. The phenotype of Hp was found to produce no effects on tuberculosis morbidity among adolescents, but Hp2-2 carriers fall ill more frequently if they have a baseline gastrointestinal abnormality. In tuberculosis patients with Hp2-2, resolution of infiltrative changes in the lung tissue occurs less rapidly than in those with other Hp variants. Great increases in the serum levels of alpha 1-AT, which reflects the severity of tissue damages, suggest a less favourable prognosis. By the end of sixth-month continuous combined drug therapy, an inflammatory reaction diminishes and the synthesis of acute phase reactants (APR) becomes normal in patients without baseline lung tissue decay. In the presence of the latter, the intensity of inflammation considerably decreases in the first 3 months of combined drug therapy, then becomes steady-state at a definite level, which is potentiated by continuous invasion of proteolytic enzymes. APR monitoring more accurately assesses the time course of therapy-induced changes in the process.     

简易湿法脱硫除尘一体化装置烟气除湿性能的试验研究与改进

对简易湿法脱硫除尘一体化装置普遍存在的烟气带水问题进行了分析。通过试验，系统地研究了旋流板除湿装置自身结构及运行参数对除湿性能的影响，并且将试验研究结果用于工程实际，较好地解决了烟气带水问题。