小型化水质改善技术在海上油田的应用

针对海上某油田注入水长期不达标的问题,在生产水水质分析与认识的基础上,结合平台具体条件,制定了紧凑型旋流溶气气浮(CDFU)+两级精细过滤,并辅以水处理药剂的小型化水质改善工艺。CDFU具有结构简单、占地面积小、摆放灵活、抗波动性强等特点,可有效克服平台空间限制、来水波动大的难题;高效水处理药剂能够解决生产水中高含量H_2S导致的水质发黑问题。该工艺在现场应用中取得良好效果,出水水质平均ρ(油)4.25mg/L,平均ρ(悬浮物)0.45mg/L,平均粒径中值1.35μm,满足A2回注水指标要求,工艺可行性得到验证。该小型化水质改善技术的试验成功对于海上油田含硫生产水处理具有重要的借鉴意义。     

氧气氧化脱除模拟柴油中的二苯并噻吩

The potential of carrying out oxidative desulfurization (ODS) using oxygen as an oxidant was explored in this work. Octane firstly reacted with oxygen to produce hydroperoxides in-situ, which were then used as oxidants to oxidize the dibenzothiophene (DBT) in the absence of catalysts. The hydroperoxides generated in-situ were effective in oxidizing DBT to its corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) which was characterized by FT-IR and H1-NMR. The removal of DBT can reached to 98.4% at 140 °C, 4 h, oxygen partial pressure 0.4 MPa. The influences of different hydrocarbon components in diesel oil on DBT removal were investigated. The results showed that cyclohexane and n-dodecane had no effect on the removal of DBT, but the xylene had a slight negative effect on DBT removal. The possible oxidation mechanism was proposed and the concentration of hydroperoxides in both O2-oxidized octane and model diesel oil were detected.     

储层原生水对页岩气赋存状态与流动能力的影响

储层原生水对页岩气吸附规律和流动能力的影响情况目前尚不清楚,为此选用四川盆地长宁—威远地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩样品,基于吸附平衡法制取不同含水饱和度的实验样品,开展了高压等温吸附实验,探讨不同含水饱和度下页岩等温吸附作用及机理,并运用自主研发的稳态流动实验装置测试了不同含水饱和度下页岩气的流动能力。研究结果表明:(1)页岩储层微米—纳米级孔隙中原生水的存在降低了页岩的吸附能力,含水饱和度为40%时,模拟计算的总含气量比常规认识下的计算结果下降了18%;(2)页岩视渗透率是压力的函数,低压下努森扩散作用使得页岩视渗透率随压力降低而明显上升,当平均压力为5 MPa、含水饱和度达到50%时,与不含水相比页岩视渗透率下降约70%;(3)当含水饱和度低于临界含水饱和度时,水主要以不可动水赋存在微孔和介孔中,对页岩气流动能力影响较小,而大于临界含水饱和度时,水的赋存位置发生改变,导致页岩气流动能力大幅度降低。结论认为,准确认识页岩储层原始含水饱和度及临界含水饱和度,有助于准确计算页岩气储量、合理预测气井产量。     

集冷凝和离心分离功能于一体的天然气超音速旋流分离技术

天然气超音速旋流分离技术具有结构简单紧凑、无转动部件、可靠性高、无化学添加剂、投资和维护费用低等优点,工业应用前景广阔,但由于其过程的复杂性,理论研究还不成熟。为了推进该技术的大规模工业化应用,在介绍天然气超音速旋流分离器的结构及其工作原理的基础上,阐述了其旋流流动过程、内部凝结过程和内部流动过程等数值模拟的研究新进展,分析了近年来国内外有关的实验研究现状,总结了相关数值模拟和实验研究的进展,并对未来天然气超音速旋流分离技术亟待解决的关键问题进行了展望。研究结果表明:(1)目前关于超音速旋流分离器的数值模拟研究主要集中在旋流流动过程、内部凝结过程和内部流动过程等方面,并取得了一定成果;(2)国内对超音速旋流分离器的实验研究主要集中在低压实验,而在高压天然气的凝结机理及分离机理研究等方面则可能尚存在着一定的差距。结论认为:(1)解决超音速喷管的收缩段曲线和扩张段曲线的匹配、旋流器的结构优化设计与安装位置等问题,有助于气体凝结和提高气液分离效率;(2)开展符合天然气实际操作工况的高压实验,有助于探究天然气旋流分离的凝结和分离机理;(3)亟待在准确揭示高压天然气跨音速流动时其中水分及重烃的凝结机理和分离过程方面进行深入研究,确定影响分离性能的因素,以期为天然气旋流分离器的工程设计与应用奠定坚实的理论基础。     

我国如何实行天然气能量计量和计价

我国是世界上为数不多的使用天然气体积计量和计价的国家,在当前我国天然气资源供应多元化、市场需求旺盛、天然气体制和天然气价格改革不断深入、市场化竞争格局正在形成的大环境下,实行天然气能量计量和计价比以往任何时候都更为迫切。为此,在阐述我国实行天然气能量计量计价紧迫性的基础上,分析了我国天然气采用能量计量计价在计量界面、计量方法、计量单位、气价转换和管道运价等方面所面临的问题,并提出了实行天然气能量计量计价的解决办法和实施路径。研究结果表明:(1)我国天然气正进入资源供应多元化和国际化、体制改革不断深化、天然气价格和天然气交易市场化发展的新时期,迫切需要改革我国传统的天然气体积计量计价方式,实行天然气能量计量计价;(2)实行天然气能量计量计价应基于我国天然气能量计量标准体系并结合天然气产业链实际,优选切实可行的能量计量界面和计量方法 ;(3)以焦耳作为能量计量单位,按国家发展和改革委员会指定的天然气热值进行天然气体积价格向能量价格转换;(4)天然气管道运输应统一实行能量计量计价;(5)我国天然气能量计量计价宜在试点先行的基础上,按直供工业用户、非居民用户、居民用户的顺序逐步推进。     

电信云的兴起(英文)

Cloud computing is the latest major evolution in computing technology.The convergence between cloud computing and telecom networks could significantly reduce costs and bring new business opportunities for operators.Currently,traditional telecom operators are embarrassed by the fact that the increase in revenue cannot catch up with the quick growth of users and the expansion of networks.With the introduction of the cloud computing technology,operators can virtualize the network functions through low-cost COTS IT hardware.All kinds of existing services can be cloudified and thus obtain the benefits of statistical multiplexing among IT resources.With the Telco Cloud architecture,operators can manage both IT infrastructures and network resources intelligently in order to adapt to the dynamic demands from the application and to establish open platforms for developing new services.     

光缆接续损耗的工程控制

本从影响光纤损耗的主要因素分析着手，提出了光缆接续损耗工程控制的简洁有效的方法。     

牛磺酸对顺铂导致培养的原代兔肾小管细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：研究牛磺酸对顺铂导致培养的原代兔肾近端小管细胞(PTC)损伤的保护作用。方法：在体外建立原代兔肾近端小管细胞培养。采用溴乙锭荧光法测量DNA链间交联和Fur-2／AM测量细胞内游离钙离子浓度。首先将牛磺酸(0．1，1，10g．L^-1)与PTC保温24小时,然后，加入顺铂使其终浓度达到26μmol.L^-1,再继续保温24小时。顺铂损伤组同样培养48小时。前24小时不加入牛磺酸和顺铂,后24小时加入顺铂使其终浓度为26μmol.L^-1。对照组不加入牛磺酸和顺铂，同样培养48小时。结果：顺铂导致损伤组形成DNA链间交联和细胞内游离钙离子浓度升高．牛磺酸1．10g．L^-1可明显降低DNA链间交联和细胞内游离钙离子浓度。结论：牛磺酸可保护顺铂对PTC的损伤。     

Block-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Multi-Path Fading Channel

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is robust against multi-path interference due to using a lot of low symbol rate sub-carriers. In order to mitigate the degradation due to multi-path interference, guard time interval (GI) is inserted into each OFDM symbol. However, redundant allocation to GI leads to loss of effective transmission power. We propose the Block-OFDM which can reduce the GI overhead ratio per frame compared with conventional OFDM. In Block-OFDM system frequency domain equalization (FDE) is carried out in order to remove multi-path interference. We evaluated Block-OFDM performance in a frequency selective fading channel and compared with that of conventional OFDM. Ryohei Kimura received his B.E. and M.S degrees in communications engineering form Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 2001 and 2003, respectively. In 2003, he joined Panasonic Mobile Communications Co., Ltd. His current research interests include such mobile communication technologies as OFDM and MIMO (MLD), and the like. Akiyoshi Monma received his B.E. in communications engineering form Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1998. In 1998, he joined Panasonic Mobile Communications Sendai R&D Lab. Co., Ltd. His current research interests include such mobile communication technologies as OFDM and PAPR reduction, and the like. Jinsong Duan received his B.E. and M.S. from Changsha Institute of Technology, China in 1987 and 1990. He received his Ph.D. from Osaka City University, Japan in 2000. From 2000–2003 he was with Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, where he engaged in research and development of WCDMA systems. From 2003, he joined Panasonic Mobile Communications Co., Ltd. His current interests include such mobile communication technologies as OFDM, MIMO, link adaptation, scheduling, and TDMA/FDMA/CDMA systems. Mitsuru Uesugi received his B.E. degree from Waseda University in 1986 and received his Ph.D degree from Tohoku University in 2004, respectively. He is a general manager in the Mobile Communication Technology Development Center of Panasonic Mobile Communications Co., Ltd. His current research interests include such mobile communication technologies as equalization, interference cancellation, modulation method, and the like.     

FlexE技术及其在5G承载网中的应用探析

5G对承载网络的带宽、时延、切片、可靠性等方面提出了更高的要求。FlexE技术重用现有IEEE 802.3以太网物理层标准,在MAC层与PCS层中新增Flex Shim层,实现网络灵活性、多速率、刚性接口等特性。其捆绑、通道化、子速率等功能,可以与IP/Ethernet技术良好对接,大力助推5G承载网络的发展,为5G技术的应用提供保障。随着5G产业的不断发展与完善,FlexE技术必将得到广泛的应用。