Parallel power paths and compactness of gear transmissions

Developments in mechanical power transmission have hinged around better materials and processes, new design ideas and effective new application of enduring scientific design principles and ideas. The current presentation aims at showing how deliberate measures to optimize load distribution have increased the compactness and capabilities of present day gear transmissions. Exploitation of parallel power paths, packing of gears in annular spaces and the effective use of epicyclic action by reducing the number of gear meshes and substituting rolling friction are explained. Deceased     

Characteristics and Composition of Six Newer Seeds and the Oils

The seeds of Jatropha pandureaefolia, Jatropha podagarica, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Croton sparciflorus (Euphorbiaceae), Heynea trijuga (Meliaceae) and Millingtonia hortensis (Bignoniaceae) respectively contained 33.2, 34.1, 16.3, 20.4, 34.7 and 39.5% oil, and 12.6, 15.0, 14.6, 14.9, 15.7 and 18.5% protein. The oils were examined for their physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid compositions. The predominant fatty acid was linoleic in J. pandureaefolia (79.8%) J. podagarica (71.4%) and M. hortensis (72.7%), linolinic in P. maderaspatensis (64.4%) and C. sparciflorus (56.6%), and oliec in H. trijuga (81.8%) fatty acids.     

Correlates of peak expiratory flow rate: a study of sand stone quarry workers in desert

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infections continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). METHODS: In this study cell-mediated immunity in vitro was evaluated in 62 SCD patients (62 steady state and 16 with acute pneumonia) and compared with 44 normal controls (30 healthy and 14 with acute pneumonia). Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin, tetanus toxoid and Candida albicans antigen were assessed in all subjects. In addition production of tumor necrosis factor, alpha- and gamma-interferon (IFN) were assayed. RESULTS: The results revealed comparable blastogenic responses to all three stimuli in all subjects except SCD patients with pneumonia. This group showed poor responses to all stimuli. The mean counts per minute were decreased 65 to 90% when compared with the other patients. Cytokine production of IFN-alpha and TNF was equivalent in all subjects. Conversely IFN-gamma production in both SCD groups, steady state (35 +/- 6 U/ml) and SCD with pneumonia (14 +/- 6 U/ml), was significantly decreased when compared with those in normal healthy controls (65 +/- 14 U/ml) and with pneumonia (48 +/- 17 U/ml). On analysis of individual titers 15 of 62 (24%) steady state and 10 of 16 (63%) SCD patients with pneumonia were deficient in IFN-gamma production in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Acute pulmonary infections seem to have a profound effect on cell-mediated immunity in SCD. IFN-gamma deficiency, along with quantitative and qualitative T cell abnormalities, may represent significant factors to explain the frequent and severe infections seen in SCD.     

Synthesis of 18-octadecanolide,a major constituent of dufour’s gland secretion ofColletes bees

18-Octadecanolide, a major constituent of Dufour’s gland secretion ofColletes bees, was synthesized by polymerization followed by depolymerization of 18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid which in turn was obtained by hydrogenation of kamlolenic acid (18-hydroxy, 9-cis, 11-trans, 13-trans-octadecatrienoic acid) isolated fromMallotus philippinensis seed oil. The structures of the intermediates as well as the final lactone were established by infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometric methods.     

An approach to the displacement analysis of spatial mechanisms—I : Principles and mechanisms with low degree equations

The use of direction cosines and projections is shown to be adequate and efficient for deriving the input-output displacement equations for spatial mechanisms, up to 6-link 5R-C mechanisms. The displacement equations are derived for several 5-link mechanisms and 6-link 4R-P-C mechanisms. These derivations are quick and direct and automatically avoid extraneous roots. The method of derivation for 6-link 5R-C mechanisms is indicated, showing how extraneous roots are avoided by the approach. Part I explains the method, applied to 5-link mechanisms that yield a 4th degree equation. Part II shows the application to 5- and 6-link mechanisms with equations of higher degree.     

Preparation of Some New Ethylene Glycol Monoesters and Mixed Diesters of Fatty Acids

Tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)-orthoborate, obtained by reaction of ethylene glycol with boric acid, was esterified with palmitic, stearic, arachidic, oleic, hydnocarpic, elaidic and stearolic acids. Pure monoesters were obtained on hydrolysis with water in high yields. Monoelaidate and monostearolate are reported for the first time. The monoesters were reacted with acyl chlorides to yield the mixed diesters, viz., oleostearate, oleopalmitate, oleoarachidate, oleoelaidate, oleostearolate, elaidohydnocarpate, stearocaproate and stearolaurate. Except oleostearate the other compounds are reported for the first time.     

Decomposition of Methyl Oleate Hydroperoxides in vacuo on Exposure to Visible Light and Heat

Methyl oleate hydroperoxides were decomposed in sealed tubes under vacuum either by exposing to light from a 500 W-tungsten bulb or by heating in the dark at 63° C. Heat treatment caused a faster reduction in peroxide value than the exposure to light. Free acids, hydrocarbons and epoxy compounds were among the products of decomposition. The formation of similar decomposition products in both the treatments suggests that the mechanism of decomposition is the same.     

Four-bar linkage synthesis with second-order precision pointsÜber die synthese des gelenkvierecks mittels präzizionspunkte zweiter ordnung

The case of four pair-wise infinitely close positions of a plane mechanism link is shown to admit to a particularly simple determination of the centre curve, hitherto apparently not noticed. The construction is adapted to the problem of synthesizing a four-bar function-generator with two second-order precision points, keeping convenience on the drafting machine in view. An analytical expression of the procedure is also included.