改性纳米SiO2对再生沥青胶结料性能的影响

为提高再生沥青的再生效果,文中采用RA-F0110型再生剂作为A型再生剂和OP-900型再生剂作为B型再生剂对旧沥青进行再生;采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550和KH-570对纳米SiO2进行有机化表面改性;对比不同速率、不同搅拌时间、不同静置时间下纳米再生沥青的PG高温分级温度,确定纳米再生沥青的制备方法;对比添加不同种类不同掺量再生剂后再生沥青的PG连续分级确定再生剂的种类和掺量;对比不同纳米SiO2掺量下纳米再生沥青的PG连续分级确定纳米材料的掺量。试验表明：纳米SiO2在表面改性后团聚现象减少。纳米粒子被包覆,所以纳米粒子尺寸增大导致单个粒子的比表面积明显减小,纳米SiO2在沥青中更加稳定,采用KH-550表面改性剂的效果优于KH-570。选用A型再生剂的再生沥青的再生效果优于选用B型再生剂的再生沥青。在相同再生剂掺量下,添加一定比例的纳米SiO2,纳米再生沥青PG连续分级的高低温服务范围更宽广。当纳米材料的掺量为5%,A型再生剂掺量为15%时,纳米再生沥青胶结料的性能指标达到最佳。     

微量Y(0.2 wt.%)对铸造Mg-Sn合金热变形行为影响

采用MTS-CMT5105电子万能试验机,在温度为250~400℃、初始应变速率为10_-4~10_-1s_-1,最大变形量为40%的条件下,对铸态Mg-2.5Sn(wt.%)和Mg-2.5Sn-0.2Y(wt.%)合金进行压缩变形。结合真应力-应变曲线、峰值应力、显微组织、本构方程、DMM加工图,研究了微量Y(0.2 wt.%)对铸造Mg-Sn合金热变形行为的影响。结果表明：微量Y的添加,在较低应变速率时,会使Mg-Sn合金热压缩峰值应力增加30%以上;但在较高应变速率时,却对其影响不大。会改变合金塑性变形机制的控制方式,即由扩散控制变为位错的滑移和攀移。会抑制动态再结晶。会降低功率耗散系数,扩大加工失稳区。     

高钛钢板坯连铸凝固传热与压下量数值计算研究

高钛钢具有较高的耐磨性、韧性、强度及晶间抗腐蚀性,已得到较普遍应用.针对高钛钢板坯连铸过程凝固传热与理论压下量开展了数值计算研究,结果表明:拉速1.0 m/min时,高钛钢在结晶器出口位置坯壳厚度约15mm,凝固终点距弯月面约20.4 m,两相区长度约10.8 m,拉速每增加0.1m/min,结晶器出口坯壳厚度减小约0.2 mm,凝固终点向后移动1.7 m,两相区长度增加约0.9 m,不同拉速时,补缩两相区凝固收缩所需理论压下量基本相同,约为2.2 mm.     

深凹边坡稳定性的数值模拟研究与可靠度分析

以有限元数值模拟为基础,应用概率论与统计论的方法,计算有限元模拟边坡节点的安全系数。采用中心点法对这些节点安全系数进行可靠度计算,从而对整个边坡的稳定性进行评价,为边坡的安全检测及施工提供依据及保证。     

松散破碎围岩锚注在返修巷道中的研究应用

通过对锚注支护机理的阐述,研究锚注支护修复巷道的可行性。结合丁集矿典型返修巷道变形与破坏形式特征,设计该返修巷道锚注支护方案,并完成了现场监测分析与评价。实践表明,该技术是解决深井高应力软岩返修巷道支护的有效途径,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Artificial lift methods (ALMs) lift the accumulated fluids from horizontal shale-gas-producing wells and help sustain well performance. An artificial lift infrastructure plan includes the selection of ALMs and their operating schedule. This paper presents two discrete-time large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming models to solve the artificial lift infrastructure planning problem. Two equivalent mixed-integer linear programming models are formulated using the special structure of the nonlinear terms. A set of valid inequalities is defined to tighten the models and shorten solution times to two orders of magnitude, considering well production limitations. We incorporate endogenous uncertainty in ALM-dependent production rates and exogenous uncertainty in shale gas prices into the models. For a hypothetical case study under only endogenous uncertainties, the value of the stochastic solution is 5%. For the same case study, the exogenous uncertainty in gas prices does not change the optimum solution.     

Multiscale SiCnw and carbon fiber reinforced SiOC ceramic with enhanced mechanical and microwave absorption properties

The hierarchical SiOC/SiCnws/CF composites (A/B/C structure) were designed via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process. The SiOC ceramics served as the wave-transparent characteristic materials to adjust the impedance matching. Herein, the in situ growth of SiCnws not only was used for the absorber but served as the reinforcement of SiOC matrix composites. In detail, the SiOC/SiCnws/CF-1200°C-2 exhibits excellent electromagnetic absorption performance with minimum reflection loss of −46 dB at 14.4 GHz with the thickness of 1.6 mm, and its effective absorption band reaches 4.3 GHz. Its compressive strength reaches 8.69 and 16.41 MPa in z and x/y directions, separately. This contribution has a guidance for the application of carbon fiber/ceramics matrix composites in harsh environment.     

Enhanced Mn2+ solidification and NH4+-N removal from electrolytic manganese metal residue via surfactants

Electrolytic manganese metal residue (EMMR) harmless treatment has always lacked a low-cost and quick processing technology. In this study, surfactants, namely tetradecyl trimethylammonium chloride (TTC), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS), and octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride (OTC), were used in the solidification of Mn²⁺ and removal of NH₄⁺-N from EMMR. The Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺-N concentrations under different reaction conditions, Mn²⁺ solidification and NH₄⁺-N removal mechanisms, and leaching behavior were studied. The results revealed that the surfactants could enhance the Mn²⁺ solidification and NH₄⁺-N removal from EMMR, and the order of enhancement was as follows: TTC > SDBS > OTC > SLS. The NH₄⁺-N and Mn²⁺ concentrations were 12.3 and 0.05 mg·L^-1 with the use of 60.0 mg·kg^-1 TTC under optimum conditions (solid–liquid ratio of 1.5:1, EMMR to BRM mass ratio of 100:8, temperature of 20 ℃, and reaction duration of 12 h), which met the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). Mn²⁺ was mainly solidified as Mn(OH)₂, MnOOH and MnSiO₃, and NH₄⁺-N in EMMR was mostly removed in the form of ammonia. The results of this study could provide a new idea for cost-effective EMMR harmless treatment.     

生物质与烟煤混合燃烧特性及动力学分析研究

使用非等温热分析方法研究了生物质(麦秆)和烟煤混合燃烧的反应特性。结果表明,生物质的添加可以降低混合样品的燃烧着火温度和燃烬温度,且混合样品燃烧反应性能随着生物质混合比例的增加而提升;生物质添加质量分数为20%时,煤和生物质混合燃烧协同作用最明显。使用Coats-Redfern(CR)、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)和Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)动力学模型对混合样品燃烧活化能进行计算,其值在挥发分燃烧阶段随着生物质混合比例的增加而增加,在焦炭燃烧阶段呈现下降趋势;通过对FWO和KAS动力学模型有效性进行分析发现,FWO和KAS模型在描述混合样品燃烧动力学时存在一定的局限性,而采用适宜机理函数的CR模型更适用于描述混合样品的燃烧反应动力学,对燃烧机理的分析也印证了动力学的分析结果。     

碱性蛋白酶洗涤稳定性提高的研究进展

碱性蛋白酶是液体洗涤剂中使用量最大的一类酶制剂,应用于洗涤剂行业的碱性蛋白酶占碱性蛋白酶市场的60%以上。不同于粉状洗涤剂中的酶制剂被造粒所包裹,液体洗涤剂中的碱性蛋白酶直接暴露于溶液中,与洗涤剂成分如表面活性剂、洗涤助剂及漂白剂直接接触作用,使得蛋白酶洗涤稳定性下降。除此之外,蛋白酶在液体洗涤剂环境中存在普遍的自溶失活现象,对其洗涤性能造成不利影响。如何提升碱性蛋白酶的稳定性是液体洗涤剂领域中的一个热点问题。本文介绍了碱性蛋白酶的催化与失活机制,综述了几种常用于稳定碱性蛋白酶的策略,即添加稳定剂、分子改造和化学修饰,重点介绍了化学修饰中的聚乙二醇化修饰与多糖修饰,对比了两种修饰方法的过程与效果,并在最后对碱性蛋白酶稳定性提高策略进行了展望。