以可靠性为中心的水轮机组检修模式研究

以可靠性为中心(RCM)的维修模式是在一般视情维修的基础上,吸收以可靠性为中心的维修分析法的优点,充分考虑到经济性、可靠性原则,并与先进的设备诊断技术相结合的一种维修模式。介绍了水轮机组RCM维修模式,重点分析了根据经济性和可靠性原则分别确定隐患检测间隔期,以及用威布尔分布拟合机组零部件故障间隔时间分布的表示及参数的获得。     

网络化测试系统中间件的研究与设计

针对网络化测试系统中测试设备种类繁多,总线结构和测试平台各不相同的问题,研究了基于面向服务体系结构(SOA)的网络化测试系统消息中间件(MOM).将SOA与MOM相结合,设计了该中间件的体系结构,给出了消息发布和订阅的流程,并对消息的格式进行了详细定义,结合实例,验证了该模型的有可行性和有效性.实验结果表明,该中间件为网络测试系统的各个测试设备提供了一种公用的信息通信方式,可以有效地解决网络化测试系统中的跨平台数据交换和通讯问题.     

酒精五塔蒸馏工艺过程模拟

针对典型的酒精蒸馏五塔工艺流程及蒸馏过程各物流的组成、压力、温度等工艺条件,分析模拟计算的热力学方法和热力学数据,结果表明,本文所选用的热力学方法SRKM、IDEAL、NRTL及物流组分交互作用参数均适用于酒精蒸馏五塔工艺流程,各工艺物流的模拟数据与设计数据最大误差均小于4.5%,模拟值与设计值比较吻合,不超出设计误差(10%)的限度.     

不同功能单体对分子印迹聚合物识别性能的模拟

以槲皮素为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、三氟甲基丙烯酸(TFMAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、2-乙烯基吡啶(2-VP)、4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)六种物质分别作为功能单体,运用量子化学方法模拟模板分子与不同功能单体的分子印迹聚合物预组装体系的构型、能量及复合反应的结合能△E,以讨论不同功能单体对分子印迹聚合物识别性能的影响,结果4-VP的印迹效应最好.通过模拟,有助于解释实验现象以及选择印迹效应更好的功能单体.     

正交设计与回归分析对HDPE/LDHs制备参数的优化

利用正交设计和逐步2次回归分析的方法,研究了水滑石(LDHs)含量、螺杆转速和挤出次数对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/LDHs复合材料力学性能的影响。并用MATLAB对回归方程进行最优化处理,预测了复合材料在弯曲强度不低于25 MPa,缺口冲击强度不低于40 kJ/m~2条件下所得到的拉伸强度为29.558 3 MPa,并确定了此条件下的优化结果,即:LDHs含量为9.8%,螺杆转速为300 r/min,挤出次数为2次。此优化方案要好于常用的直观分析/方差分析的结果,更准确的反映实际情况,可更广泛的应用于优选试验中。     

低温等离子体处理模式对冷藏南美白对虾中假单胞菌的抑菌效果及机理研究

摘 要：目的 探究低温等离子体(cold plasma, CP)处理模式对冷藏南美白对虾中常见荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)的抑菌效果及其作用机制。方法 通过CP直接处理和循环处理P. fluorescens,研究了两种处理模式下臭氧含量动态变化对P. fluorescens的生长曲线、细胞活力,生物膜形成、细胞壁、细胞膜完整性和南美白对虾菌落总数及假单胞菌数等指标的影响。结果 两种处理模式在CP处理3 min或3 cycles后,包装内臭氧含量达到最高值,分别为(850±10) mg/m3和(874±20) mg/m3。CP循环处理模式使得臭氧含量随处理循环数递增,因此获得更长的臭氧存在时间从而具有更大的抑菌能力。P. fluorescens生长曲线表明CP处理使得菌体延迟期变长且对数生长期推迟。此外,CP处理后的P. fluorescens细胞活力显著下降(P<0.05),CP-1 min,CP-3 min和CP-3 cycles组的细胞活力分别为33.03%、5.90%和4.82%。同时相比CP-3 min组,CP-3 cycles组的P. fluorescens生物膜OD值下降27.61%。碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)活性和核酸蛋白泄漏量结果表明,细胞壁和细胞膜完整性受损可能是P. fluorescens失活的直接原因。对虾保鲜测试结果证实,贮藏第6 d,CP-3 cycles组虾体中的菌落总数和假单胞菌数相比CP-3 min组分别降低了58.02%和79.54%。结论 CP循环处理模式通过延长对臭氧与对虾的暴露时间,提高了对P. fluorescens的灭活效果,同时还具有更优越的保鲜能力。本研究为开发基于CP技术的新型保鲜技术应用提供了理论参考。 关键词：低温等离子体;荧光假单胞菌;抑菌机制;保鲜     

Ultrafast Switchable Passive Radiative Cooling Smart Windows with Synergistic Optical Modulation

Switchable passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows can modulate sunlight transmission and spontaneously emit heat to outer space through atmospheric transparent window, presenting great potential in building energy conservation. However, realizing stable and on-demand control of the cooling efficiency for PRC materials is still challenging. Herein, an electro-controlled polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart window showing PRC property is designed and prepared by adding mid-infrared emitting reactive monomers into the conventional PDLC matrix. It is found that not only the electro-optical properties but also the PRC efficiency of PRC PDLC film are tunable by regulating the content of the mid-infrared emitting components, film thickness, and micromorphology. This advanced PRC PDLC material achieves a near/sub-ambient temperature when the solar irradiance is below 400 W m⁻² and can dynamically manage daytime cooling efficiency. Importantly, its PRC efficiency is capable of being tuned in an on-demand and ultrafast millisecond-scale way, whose controllable transparency enables multistage heat regulation. This study is hoped to provide new inspiration in the preparation of advanced optical devices and energy-efficient equipment.     

A 2.20 eV Bandgap Polymer Donor for Efficient Colorful Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their promising prospect in building-integrated photovoltaics. Generally, efficient ST-OSCs with good average visible transmittance (AVT) can be realized by developing active layer materials with light absorption far from the visible light range. Herein, the development of ultrawide bandgap polymer donors with near-ultraviolet absorption, paired with near-infrared acceptors, is proposed to achieve high-performance ST-OSCs. The key points for the design of ultrawide bandgap polymers include constructing donor–donor type conjugated skeleton, suppressing the quinoidal resonance effect, and minimizing the twist of conjugated skeleton via noncovalent conformational locks. As a proof of concept, a polymer named PBOF with an optical bandgap of 2.20 eV is synthesized, which exhibited largely reduced overlap with the human eye photopic response spectrum and afforded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% in opaque device. As a result, ST-OSCs with a PCE over 10% and an AVT over 30% are achieved without optical modulation. Moreover, colorful ST-OSCs with visual aesthetics can be achieved by tuning the donor/acceptor weight ratio in active layer benefiting from the ultrawide bandgap nature of PBOF. This study demonstrates the great potential of ultrawide bandgap polymers for efficient colorful ST-OSCs.