Inclusion of poultry based food ingredients in the formulation of noodles and their effects on noodle quality characteristics

Incorporating exogenous proteins into food products is a better practice for improving nutritional attributes of food commodities. In the search for a way to improve the product and nutritional quality of noodles, this study was aimed to evaluate the impact of the incorporation of poultry based ingredients egg yolk powder (EYP) and chicken mincemeat (CMM) in noodles at different levels (5, 10 and 15%, w/w). The incorporated noodles were subjected to evaluation of the cooking, texture, colour, sensory and microstructure properties. The results showed that the incorporation of poultry based food ingredient types and amount influence the nutritional content of noodles. Simultaneously, poultry based ingredients incorporated noodles showed the acceptable firmness and colour charatertistics. Scanning electron micrograph of the incorporated noodles showed the gelatinized starch granules enveloped by protein matrix, and also indicating a better structure as compared to the control. The sensory profile of incorporated noodles was showed significant (p?≤?0.05) high overall quality. The result of this study showed that 10% (w/w) EYP and 15% (w/w) CMM incorporated noodles showed a better overall noodles quality attributes (texture, colour, sensory and microstructure). The results also provide ideas about the inclusion of the appropriate levels of poultry based ingredients (EYP and CMM) with a better sensory and nutritional profile. Therefore, this study may be useful in the food industry for the production of poultry based ingredients noodles with enhanced quality characteristics.     

Pectin and calcium chloride treatment for low‐fat fried green gram splits

Fried green gram (Phaseolus mungo L) splits are a traditional savoury relished by consumers of all age groups as an anytime snack. The high oil content in such products is of concern owing to its association with obesity and related health disorders. The present work evaluates the effect of soaking green gram splits in calcium chloride solution (2.5–10 g kg^?1) for 3 h followed by air drying and a subsequent dip in 10–30 g l^?1 pectin solution for 10 min, again followed by air drying, on the oil content in the fried product prepared from them. After frying in groundnut oil at 170 ± 5 °C for 2 min, the oil content in the pretreated fried product was reduced to 211.7 g kg^?1, compared with 335 g kg^?1 for the untreated control. Attempts to further reduce the oil content by applying a second coating of pectin were unsuccessful. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Experimental and thermal analysis of energy efficient novel design wet cooling towers

Waste heat is generally dissipated from process water to atmospheric air in cooling towers. In the present study, a novel design is used to extract more amount of heat without any additional energy input by incorporating secondary ambient air in an induced draft wet cooling tower. In addition, more fresh air is induced in the tower from the rain zone, which increases the effectiveness at any value of the water to air flow rate (L/G ratio). Moreover, tower characteristics, range, and evaporation loss were also increased due to the novel design. It is noteworthy that secondary fresh air increases effectiveness, heat rejection, and tower characteristics by 10.12%, 19.65%, and 26.11%, respectively, and decreases approach by 16.32% at 0.55 L/G ratio, 44°C inlet water temperature, 29.7°C dry bulb temperature, and 18.4°C inlet air wet bulb temperature.     

Evaluation of the effect of Ultra Rice® EDTA supplementation on the soluble iron,visual acceptance and vitamin A stability of commercial milled rice blends

The addition of NaFeEDTA at only 5% of total iron to ferric pyrophosphate‐fortified Ultra Rice^® increased the in vitro soluble iron ten‐fold. Ultra Rice^® formulated with NaFeEDTA at 2–7% of total iron, or with Na₂EDTA·2H₂O at 0.5× the total iron equivalents, increased the soluble iron seven‐ to thirty‐fold. The colour of the batches was acceptable through 20 weeks at 21 °C, but colour stability needs to be evaluated under authentic storage conditions. Although only 34–46% of the initial vitamin A remained after extrusion, 18‐week storage at 30 °C/70% relative humidity, and simulated cooking, there were indications that losses could be decreased by raising the pH (to ~5) and/or using a better protected vitamin A ingredient. The enhancement of soluble iron afforded by low‐level NaFeEDTA or Na₂EDTA·2H₂O supplementation suggests that this fortification strategy may merit further study as a means of increasing absorbable iron in Ultra Rice^®.     

Computational study on metal hydride based three-stage hydrogen compressor

A mathematical model for predicting the performances of a three-stage metal hydride based hydrogen compressor (MHHC) is presented. The performance of the MHHC is predicted by solving the unsteady heat and mass transfer characteristics of the coupled metal hydride beds of cylindrical configuration. The governing equations for energy, momentum and mass conservations, and reaction kinetic equations are solved simultaneously using the finite volume method. Metal hydrides chosen for a three-stage MHHC are LaNi₅, MmNi_4.6Al_0.4 and Ti_0.99Zr_0.01V_0.43Fe_0.99Cr_0.05Mn_1.5. Numerical results obtained for a single-stage MHHC using MmNi_4.6Al_0.4 are in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature. Using three-stage compression, a maximum pressure ratio of 28 is achieved for the supply conditions of 20 °C absorption temperature and 2.5 bar supply pressure. A maximum delivery pressure of 100 bar is obtained for the operating conditions of 20 °C absorption temperature and 120 °C desorption temperature.     

On the dependence of interfacial resistance on contact materials between cathode and interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells

The dependence of interfacial contact resistance (ICR) on contact materials between cathode and interconnect is systematically studied under both isothermal oxidation and thermal cycling conditions. Three kinds of cathode current-collecting layer (CCCL) are used, (La,Sr) (Co,Fe)O₃ (LSCF), LSCF+10%Ag, and Ag, and tested in a SUS430/CCCL/SUS430 sandwich structure to simulate the actual operation of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Experimental results show that the ICR of LSCF+10%Ag exhibits the smallest value, in comparison with the specimens with LSCF and Ag paste, as well as the sample without a CCCL. For LSCF+10%Ag contact, the ICR increases from 0.0069 mΩ cm² to 3.74 mΩ cm² under an isothermal condition for 150 h, then increases from 3.74 mΩ cm² to 10.79 mΩ cm² after 15 thermal cycles. This work provides information for the understanding of possible mechanisms of performance degradation of SOFCs.     

Direct electrochemical detection of purine- and pyrimidine-based nucleotides with sinusoidal voltammetry

Sinusoidal voltammetry was employed to detect both purine- and pyrimidine-based nucleic acids. Adenine and cytosine, representing these two classes of nucleic acids, could be measured with submicromolar detection limits at a copper electrode under these conditions, where the sensitivity for adenine was much higher than that for cytosine. Detection limits for purine-containing nucleotides [e.g., adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)] were on the order of 70-200 nM using this method. These detection limits are achieved for native nucleotides and are over 2 orders of magnitude lower than those found with UV absorbance detection. Submicromolar detection limits were also obtained for pyrimidine-based nucleotides, which could also be detected with high sensitivity due to the presence of a sugar backbone that is electroactive at the copper surface. This detector is not fouled by the nucleotides and may be used for the sensitive detection of analytes eluting continuously in a flowing stream, i.e., from a chromatography column or an electrophoresis capillary.     

Multi-channel local ternary pattern for content-based image retrieval

Pattern Analysis and Applications - A feature based on a single modality such as color or texture is not sufficient to investigate the appearance variation across multiple images. In this paper, a...     

Experimental study of a combined biomass and solar energy-based fully grid-independent air-conditioning system

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - In this paper, a small-scale triple-hybrid air-conditioning system operated by biomass and solar energy resources is experimentally investigated....