基于细观建模的堆石混凝土抗压试验的数值模拟

从细观结构的角度出发,将堆石混凝土视为堆石体与自密实混凝土组合形成的复合材料,利用MATLAB与ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了三维有限元模型,然后在此基础上进行了堆石混凝土模型抗压试验的数值模拟.探讨分析了应变率和堆石与混凝土粘结强度对堆石混凝土的抗压强度的影响.结果表明:堆石混凝土的抗压强度随着应变率的增大而增大,且随着粘结强度的增大而增大,但是堆石混凝土对应变率的敏感性较高,对粘结强度的敏感性较低.     

Red Emissive Carbon Dots Prepared from Polymers as an Efficient Nanocarrier for Coptisine Delivery in vivo and in vitro

Negatively charged fluorescent carbon dots (CDs, E_m=608 nm) were hydrothermally prepared from thiophene phenylpropionic acid polymers and then successfully loaded with the positively charged anticancer cargo coptisine, which suffers from poor bioavailability. The formed CD-coptisine complexes were thoroughly characterized by particle size, morphology, drug loading efficiency, drug release, cellular uptake and cellular toxicity in vitro and antitumor activities in vivo. In this nano-carrier system, red emissive CDs possess multiple advantages as follows: 1) high drug loading efficiency (>96 %); 2) sustained drug release; 3) enhanced drug efficacy towards cancer cells; 4) EPR effect; 5) drug release tracing with near-infrared imaging. These properties indicated that red emissive CDs prepared from polymers could be used as a novel drug delivery system with integrated therapeutic and imaging functions in cancer therapy, which are expected to have great potential in future clinical applications.     

Design,Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Steroidal Glycoconjugates as Potential Antiproliferative Agents

To systematically evaluate the impact of neoglycosylation upon the anticancer activities and selectivity of steroids, four series of neoglycosides of diosgenin, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and estrone were designed and synthesized according to the neoglycosylation approach. The structures of all the products were elucidated by NMR analysis, and the stereochemistry of C20-MeON-pregnenolone was confirmed by crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds′ cytotoxicity on five human cancer cell lines was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and structure–activity relationships (SAR) are discussed. 2-deoxy-d -glucoside 5 k displayed the most potent antiproliferative activities against HepG2 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 1.5 μM. Further pharmacological experiments on compound 5 k on HepG2 cells revealed that it could cause morphological changes and cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and then induced the apoptosis, which might be associated with the enhanced expression of high-mobility group Box 1 (HMGB1). Taken together, these findings prove that the neoglycosylation of steroids could be a promising strategy for the discovery of potential antiproliferative agents.     

2010年至2019年中国国家自然科学基金资助中国盐湖研究项目分析

国家自然科学基金对学科发展具有扶持、引导作用, 其资助情况能反映出学科发展态势、研究前沿和热点。以2010—2019年国家自然科学基金对盐湖研究的资助项目数据为分析对象, 利用EXCEL、R Studio、VOSviewer等软件对资助年度、资助金额、依托单位、资助类别、项目名称、关键词等内容进行统计分析, 揭示了国家自然科学基金对盐湖基础研究的资助力度、趋势、研究团队分布, 发现当前盐湖热点研究方向包括盐湖相化学与溶液化学、盐湖资源分离与利用技术、盐湖资源综合利用技术、盐湖成盐规律与机制、盐湖锂资源利用技术、盐湖化学性质研究。     

含硫氰酸盐、硫化物固体废物中总氰化合物测定方法

实验建立了含硫氰酸盐、硫化物固体废物中总氰化合物的测定方法,采用硝酸银滴定法、异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法分别测定总氰化合物含量高、低的样品。通过条件实验优化了前处理方式、称样量和干扰去除方法。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.43%～1.33%,加入标准物质回收率为91.5%～101.5%,精密度和准确度良好,符合测定要求。     

划痕法测Ni—P合金镀层结合力的研究

本文用划痕法测定了Ni-P合金镀层的结合力;观察了划痕侧面镀层的失效形式;分析了三种评定结合力的参数。结果指出,临界载荷L_C、平均应力σ_A用于评定Ni-P镀层的结合力是有条件的,而B-W公式存在的问题更多。     

An extension of Wagner's analysis of competing scale formation

Wagner's criterion to predict the minimum concentration of solute (N _B(min) ⁰ )necessary for the exclusive formation of its scale has been modified to incorporate both thermodynamic and kinetics requirements. The analysis presented here involves a receding alloy/scale interface for which the composition of the alloy at this interface is governed by thermodynamic equilibrium between the two competing scale phases and the base alloy. This is a more rigorous analysis than that of Wagner's, who assumed the alloy/scale interface to be immobile and the solute composition at the interface to be zero. A comparison is made between values of N _B(min) ⁰ found experimentally and those predicted by Wagner's and the present criterion for a number of alloy-gas systems. It is shown that the criterion developed in the present analysis can often provide a better approximation of the actual N _B(min) ⁰ .The expressions derived from the present analysis have been extended also in a semiquantitative manner to provide a criterion for the minimum amount of solute in the alloy required for the transition from internal to external scale formation.     

High-temperature sulfidation of Fe-30Mo alloys containing ternary additions of Al

Fe-30Mo alloys containing up to 9.1 wt% Al were sulfidized at 0.01 atm sulfur vapor over the temperature range of 700–900°C. The sulfidation kinetics followed the parabolic rate law for all alloys at all temperatures. For alloys containing small and intermediate amounts of Al (<4.8 wt.%), a duplex sulfide scale formed. The outer layers of the scales were found to be relatively compact FeS in all cases; whereas the inner layers were composed of the layered compound MoS ₂ (intercalated with iron), the Chevrel compound Fe _x Mo ₆ S ₈,a spinel double sulfide Al _x Mo ₂ S ₄,depending on the Al content of the alloy and the sulfidation temperature. Extremely thin scales were found on the alloys with higher Al contents. Accordingly, extremely slow sulfidation rates were observed—even slower than the sulfidation rate of pure Mo. The transition of the sulfidation kinetics from a high-rate active mode to a low-rate passive mode requires both a critical Al content in the alloy and a critical Mo content. Because of the two-phase nature of the alloys, the latter requirement implies a critical volume fraction of the intermetallic second-phase in the alloy, which has been known as the multiphase effect. Interestingly, the multiphase effect in these alloys was also a function of the Al content in the alloys.     

EDXRF法直接测定氧化物陶瓷材料组分

叙述了用能量色散X射线荧光法(EDXRF)同时测定氧化物陶瓷材料组分的分析方法。该方法对样品无损，可直接测定ZrO2 Y2O3，ZrO2 CaO，ZrO2 Y2O3 CaO 3种陶瓷材料中的CaO，Y2O3和ZrO2；该方法快速、简便、可适用于粉末混合料和经高温烧结后的上述3种陶瓷材料；测定各组分的含量范围为：2％-25％的CaO，1．5％-20％的Y2O3，70％-98％的ZrO2，测定CaO和Y2O3的相对标准偏差好于2％，测定ZrO2的相对标准偏差好于1％。     

球磨对ZrO2（Y2O3）超细粉末性能的影响

以共沉淀法制备煅烧态ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）超细粉末为研究对象，研究了球磨对其物理和烧结性能的影响，结果表明，球磨虽可以有效地减小粉末的团聚尺寸，但对粉末一次颗粒尺寸的的影响不大，球磨可以显著增加团聚程度较严重的锻烧态粉末的比表面积，但对团聚程度较轻的粉末，其影响大：球磨还可显著减小粉末的晶粒尺寸，这与粉末在球磨过程中发生了相变有关。此外，对团聚较严重的粉末，球磨可改善其烧结性能，但对团聚程度较轻的粉