掺硼改性碳化硼陶瓷的研究

以碳化硼粉、无定形硼粉为主要原料,热压烧结制备了B4C陶瓷.研究了不同的硼加入量和烧成温度对样品致密度和力学性能的影响.结果表明,当硼的加入量为11.6wt%时,样品的硬度、断裂韧性、抗弯强度和弹性模量分别达到32.9GPa、3.53MPa·m1/2、544.8MPa和405.3GPa.利用XRD、SEM测试手段对样品的物相组成和显微结构进行了分析.     

轮胎橡胶材料动态力学研究

采用德国 GABO公司500N EPLEXOR动态粘弹谱仪在拉伸和剪切模式下对轮胎橡胶材料进行温度/频率扫描,研究结果表明,在动态温度/频率扫描情况下,频率一定,随着温度升高,胶料的储能模量、损耗模量和损耗因子逐渐降低;而当温度固定时,随着扫描频率加快,储能模量、损耗模量和损耗因子的整体变化趋势是上升的。此外,在移位因子拟合时,Gauss拟合移位因子的准确度比WLF方程拟合移位因子的准确度更高,WLF方程在高温区拟合效果比低温区更佳,并且采用Gauss拟合的移位因子拓宽得到的胶料粘弹主曲线频率范围与DMA测试仪自动拓展的胶料粘弹主曲线的频率范围相比更宽。     

反硝化墙去除地下水硝酸盐研究进展

地下水硝酸盐污染越来越来越严重,过量摄入硝酸盐严重危害人类和家畜健康。反硝化墙是一种建造简单、无需管理维护的地下水硝酸盐原位修复技术。本文总结了反硝化墙对地下水中硝酸盐的去除效果、填充碳源种类、使用寿命及不利影响。     

PZN－PT－PMN电致伸缩陶瓷的介电性质

对（１－ｘ－ｙ）ＰＺＮ－ｘＰＴ－ｙＰＭＮ（０＜ｘ＜０．１，０＜ｙ＜１）陶瓷的电致伸缩与介电特性进行了系统的研究。利用ＸＲＤ定性分析了在相同工艺条件下，组成及Ｋ~＋，Ｌａ~（３＋），Ｙ~（３＋），Ｗ~（６＋）等掺杂离子对微观结构、电致伸缩及介电性质的影响。分析表明：施主、受主离子掺杂对钙钛矿相的生成有不同的作用，掺杂后的材料介电常数均减小；而电致伸缩系数增大，其中适当掺Ｋ~＋和过量ＭｇＯ可使应变量得到提高；而过量ＺｎＯ使应变量减小。ＰＺＮ－ＰＴ－ＰＭＮ的应变性质和温度特性均优于ＰＺＮ，三元系的电致伸缩特性与各组成含量有关，其中铁电相含量的增大是应变量增大的原因。     

Crystallization behavior,heat resistance,and mechanical performances of PLLA/myo‐inositol blends

In this work, use of myo‐inositol as a biobased nucleating agent (NA) for PLLA was researched. Effects of myo‐inositol on non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behaviors of PLLA at temperatures ranged from 85 °C to 130 °C were studied by using DSC, POM and WAXD. Isothermal crystallization kinetics results showed that the incorporation of myo‐inositol enhanced significantly the crystallization rate of the PLLA samples. It was confirmed that the optimum isothermal crystallization temperature range was 100 to 110 °C. The above results were instructive to confirm proper heat treatment time and temperature for compression or injection molding to fabricate highly crystallized PLLA articles. The relations among heat treatment time, crystallinity, heat resistance, and mechanical performances of the neat PLLA and PLLA/1% myo‐inositol specimens prepared by compression molding were investigated. Compared with the PLLA specimens, the PLLA/1% myo‐inositol specimens showed a shorter heat treatment time to reach the maximum crystallinity. Vicat softening temperature, as well as tensile strength, modulus, and toughness of the PLLA/1% myo‐inositol specimens was improved when crystallinity increased from 5.4% to 38.1%. Considering the nontoxicity and biocompatibility of myo‐inositol, PLLA/myo‐inositol blends would be potential to prepare some products, which are required higher health standard and can be used in elevated temperature environments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44732.     

Continuous manufacturing of nanofiber yarn with the assistance of suction wind and rotating collection via needleless melt electrospinning

Nanofiber yarn was continuously manufactured by a needleless melt‐electrospinning method. The suction wind speed was the most important factor influencing the final fiber diameter and determining whether the fibers could be gathered into a well‐aligned strand. The twisting process of the yarn was performed by the adjustment of ratio of the speed of the collecting roller to the speed of the rotating disk. The results show that the higher the assisting suction wind speed was, the smaller the fiber diameter was. The smallest average fiber diameter of 440 nm was obtained at a suction wind speed of 30 m/s. Furthermore, the smaller the ratio of the speed of the collecting roller to the speed of the rotating disk was, the larger the twisting angle of the prepared yarn was. The largest twisting angle obtained in this study was 43 ° at the greatest ratio of the speed of the collecting roller to the speed of the rotating disk. The X‐ray diffraction results show that the alignment degree of the nanofiber twisting and the crystallinity increased with increasing twisting angle. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44820.     

Cocoa Butter Substitute (CBS) Produced from Palm Mid-fraction/Palm Kernel Oil/Palm Stearin for Confectionery Fillings

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of ternary mixtures of palm mid-fraction (PMF):refined bleached deodorized palm kernel oil (RBDPKO):refined bleached deodorized palm stearin (RBDPS) for cocoa butter substitute (CBS). Fatty acid constituents, triacylglycerol constituents, solid fat contents (SFCs), melting behavior, polymorphism and crystal morphology were determined using gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (p-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM), respectively. Eight blends of various ratios of ternary mixtures were investigated based on the previously studied binary fat mixtures. The composition of palmitic (P) and oleic (O), POP, and crystal morphology (size and shape) of the PMF/RBDPKO/RBDPS [14.9/59.6/25.5 (%w/w)] mixture were comparable to cocoa butter (CB), while its melting profile (18.5 and 37 °C), SFC at 20 °C and polymorphism were different from CB. The iso-solid diagrams of the mixture displayed a monotectic effect at 20–25 °C. Therefore, the 14.9/59.6/25.5 PMF/RBDPKO/RBDPS mixture could be used as a CBS in confectionery fillings because of the crystal morphology and monotectic behaviors comparable to those of CB.     

Re、Ta对第二代定向柱晶合金中初生碳化物形成与分解的影响

采用差热分析(DSC),扫描电镜(SEM),能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)技术对不同Re、Ta含量的3种合金中MC碳化物的形成与分解进行了研究.结果表明,3种合金的骨架状MC为共晶反应生成,Ta的加入缩小MC中W的含量及不同凝固阶段生成的MC中W含量的差别,促进骨架状MC形成,提高MC形成温度并大幅提高MC的热稳定性.Re不进入MC碳化物,Re的加入可降低MC形成温度并促进μ相从MC周围过饱和的γ基体中析出,进而诱发MC不稳定分解.     

压铸态AZ91D镁合金热压缩变形流变应力研究

在应变速率为0.01～10 s1、变形温度250～50℃的条件下,采用Geeble-1500D热模拟机对压铸态AZ91D镁合金进行热压缩变形试验,得到并分析了该材料在不同变形条件下的流变曲线.采用数理统计的方法对实验数据进行处理,建立了用Zener-Hollomom参数描述的该材料的高温塑性变形本构方程为ε=1.41× 1012 [sinh(0.014σ)]5.295 exp (-159 449.509/RT),采用双曲正弦函数确定了该材料的变形激活能Q=159.45 kJ·mol1;与重力铸造态AZ91D镁合金比较显示,其流变应力和变形激活能更低.     

高硫铝土矿浮选脱硫-串联法生产氧化铝工艺研究

采用浮选脱硫-串联法生产氧化铝工艺对高硫铝土矿进行处理,脱硫铝土矿综合样硫含量为0.26%,氧化铝回收率为99.02%。拜耳法溶出时氧化铝相对溶出率为96.02%。碱石灰烧结时氧化铝、氧化钠的净溶出率分别为90.38%、97.11%,工艺技术指标较好。