Testing Semiconductor Products Using Low-Frequency Noise Parameters

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - We consider the possibility of diagnosing and predicting the reliability of semiconductor products both by the parameters of their eigen low-frequency...     

Preparation of an oil shale suspension in a water–mazut emulsion as a raw material for gasification

The results of tests of the raw material preparation module of a laboratory setup for studying the gasification of a mixture of oil shale with oil residues are reported. It was shown that the equipment of the raw material preparation module makes it possible to obtain a stable water–hydrocarbon suspension of oil shale (with a solid-phase particle size of 1–100 μm). The viscosity ratio at 80°C was no higher than a required value (VR 16.0), which ensures its free pumping through the sprayers of a gasifier and a uniform distribution in the combustion chamber volume.     

Thermolysis of long and short residua in the presence of activating additives for manufacture of light petroleum fractions

The cracking of long and short residua in the presence of activation additives, such as run-of-mine oil shale and synthetic and natural zeolites, was studied. The basic characteristics of the process were determined, and optimal conditions for the thermolysis reaction were found.     

Vibration mills in the manufacturing technology of slurry fuel from unbeneficiated coal sludge

Coal-water slurry fuel (CWSF) is economically viable provided that its ash content does not exceed 30% and the amount water in the fuel is at most 45%. Two impoundments were revealed that have considerable reserves of waste coal useful for commercial manufacture of CWSF without the beneficiation step. One of the CWSF manufacture steps is the comminution of coal sludge to have a particle size required by the combustion conditions. Vibration mills, which are more compact and energy-intensive that drum mills, can be used in the CWSG manufacture process. The rheological characteristics of CWSF obtained from unbeneficiated waste coal were determined.     

A method for grouping thyristors according to reliability using low-frequency noise and X-ray radiation

Methods for grouping thyristors according to reliability using parameters of low-frequency noise under the action of X-ray radiation are demonstrated.     

Effect of electrostatic discharge on semiconductor devices and subsequent annealing of electrostatic defects

The effect of electrostatic discharge on semiconductor devices and of subsequent annealing of electrostatic defects by electrical loading and (or) at high temperatures is discussed. The effect of electrostatic discharge has been described in terms of the human body phantom. Translated from Izmeritel’anaya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 45–46, January, 1998.     

Testing the electromigration resistance of Al metallization patterns by electrical-resistance measurement

The results are presented of an experimental evaluation of electromigration resistance for two types of Al metallization pattern used in the ICs of the 1554TBM and 1594T series. The experimental procedure is based on electrical-resistance measurements. Gamma-percent lifetime is calculated.     

Conditions of utilization of coal mining and processing sludges as slurry fuel

The results of this study have shown that coal sludge can be used as slurry fuel (like coal-water fuel (CWF)) providing that its ash content does not exceed 30% and the amount in the fuel is at least 55%. The conventional CWF preparation technologies are inapplicable to the fabrication of water-sludge fuel; therefore, special technologies with allowance for the ash content, the particle size, and the water content of coal sludge are demanded.