Self-blocking of dislocations in intermetallic compound Ni<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ge: Cubic slip

Self-blocking of dislocations belonging to the cube plane has been detected in the intermetallic compound Ni₃Ge. The nature of cubic slip has been clarified. The experiments included deformation at a temperature above T _max (the temperature of the yield-stress peak) and subsequent heating without stress. In addition, changes in the dislocation structure upon slow cooling from the temperature of the preliminary deformation have been investigated; in doing so, self-blocking of dislocations has been revealed for the first time. Based on the totality of experimental data, a conclusion has been made on the two-valley potential relief for a dislocation motion in the cube plane. It is the difference in the depths between the Peierls valley (a diffuse core in the cube plane) and the deepest valley (a superpartial dislocation split in the octahedron plane) that provides for the driving force of self-blocking in the absence of an external stress. Different aspects of cubic slip have been considered: the disappearance of cubic slip at T < T _max and, correspondingly, the nonobservation of an anomalous behavior of the yield stress, as well as the disappearance of octahedral slip at T > T _max.     

Enzymatic synthesis of monosaccharide fatty acid esters and their comparison with conventional products

5-O-Acyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-xylofuranose and 6-O-acyl1,2∶3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose were enzymatically prepared from the corresponding monosaccharide acetals and commercial (crude) fatty acid mixtures. Subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group(s) gave monosaccharide esters with overall yields of 59–88%, where the monoester content was at least 80% (galactose oleate) and typically 90% for the other preparations. In contrast to sugar fatty acid esters prepared by conventional, high-temperature (trans)esterification, the enzymatically obtained monosaccharide esters contained no appreciable quantities of undersirable side products, and the only contaminants were monosaccharides and fatty acids.     

Reply to Mahrer.

Replies to Mahrer's response (see record 2007-09057-001) to the current author's book review (see record 2007-09053-001). Mahrer raises some important questions and submits that different approaches differ significantly in the categories they use to make sense of what clients do, and that each has its own way of eliciting, listening to and observing what the client says and does. I agree that approaches differ on these features and believe that what we listen for and how we make sense of what we hear is the most fundamental aspect of any therapeutic approach. In fact training in an approach involves not only learning the intervention skills of the approach, which is the easy part, but learning when and how to use the intervention, which is based on listening and process diagnosis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dynamic axial external fixation in the surgical treatment of tibia vara

Osteotomy is the well-established treatment of Blount's disease (tibia vara), although the types of fixation used vary considerably. The use of dynamic axial external fixation to stabilize osteotomies for tibia vara until solid union occurs without the use of supplemental casting has not been reported by other authors. From 1985 until the present, we have used osteotomy with dynamic axial external fixation as treatment of 31 tibiae in 23 patients. All osteotomies healed and there was no postoperative loss of correction. There was an average correction of 20 degrees between the pre- and postoperative mechanical axis. Advantages of dynamic axial external fixation include ease of application, adjustability, early weight bearing, the ability to lengthen the extremity, and no second operation for removal of hardware. Based on our results, we believe that dynamic axial external fixation is an excellent form of osteotomy stabilization in the surgical treatment of tibia vara.     

Mass exchange between droplets during head-on collisions of multisize sprays

A derivation of sectional equations for mass exchange between colliding droplets during head-on collisions of multisize (polydisperse) sprays is presented. The collision terms of these equations account for binary collisions which lead to coalescence and immediate break-up into two new droplets which differ in mass from the original droplets. That is, mass is exchanged between the original droplets. The amount of exchanged mass is allowed to vary between 0 and 100% of the mass of the donor droplet. The new equations are employed here to analyze the time evolution in droplet size distributions of two head-on colliding polydisperse sprays.     

Minor histocompatibility antigens as targets for T-cell therapy after bone marrow transplantation

BACKGROUND: Topical antimicrobials have been considered for treatment of secondarily infected wounds because of the potential for reduced risk of adverse effects and greater patient convenience. We compared mupirocin cream with oral cephalexin in the treatment of wounds such as small lacerations, abrasions, or sutured wounds. METHODS: In 2 identical randomized double-blind studies, 706 patients with secondarily infected wounds (small lacerations, abrasions, or sutured wounds) received either mupirocin cream topically 3 times daily or cephalexin orally 4 times daily for 10 days. RESULTS: Clinical success at follow-up was equivalent in the two groups: 95.1% and 95.3% in the mupirocin cream and the cephalexin groups, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.0% to 3.6%; P = .89). The intention-to-treat success rate was 83% in both groups. Bacteriologic success at follow-up was also comparable: 96.9% in the mupirocin cream and 98.9% in the cephalexin groups (95% CI, -6.0% to 2.0%; P = .22). The occurrence of adverse experiences related to study treatment was similar for the 2 groups, with fewer patients in the mupirocin cream group reporting diarrhea (1.1% vs 2.3% for cephalexin). CONCLUSIONS: Mupirocin cream applied topically 3 times daily is as effective as oral cephalexin given 4 times daily for the treatment of secondarily infected wounds and was well tolerated.