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71.
Shin-ichiro Ohno Gregor P. C. Drummen Masahiko Kuroda 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(2)
Many types of cells release phospholipid membrane vesicles thought to play key roles in cell-cell communication, antigen presentation, and the spread of infectious agents. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry various proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), like a “message in a bottle” to cells in remote locations. The encapsulated molecules are protected from multiple types of degradative enzymes in body fluids, making EVs ideal for delivering drugs. This review presents an overview of the potential roles of EVs as natural drugs and novel drug-delivery systems. 相似文献
72.
Thomas Schulz Timmy Reimann Arne Bochmann Andre Vogel Beate Capraro Björn Mieller Steffen Teichert Jörg Töpfer 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(4):1600-1607
The sintering behavior and the thermoelectric performance of Ca3Co4O9 multilayer laminates were studied, and a multilayer thermoelectric generator was fabricated. Compacts and multilayer samples with anisotropic microstructure and residual porosity were obtained after conventional sintering at 920 °C, whereas dense and isotropic multilayer samples were prepared by firing at 1200 °C and reoxidation at 900 °C. A hot-pressed sample has a dense and anisotropic microstructure. Samples sintered at 920 °C exhibit low electrical conductivity due to the low density, whereas the Seebeck coefficient is not sensitive to preparation conditions. However, thermal conductivity of multilayers is very low, and, hence acceptable ZT values are obtained. A transversal multilayer thermoelectric generator (TMLTEG) was fabricated by stacking layers of Ca3Co4O9 green tapes, AgPd conductor printing, and co-firing at 920 °C. The TMLTEG has a power output of 3 mW at ΔT = 200 K in the temperature interval of 25 °C to 300 °C. 相似文献
73.
Dr. Kely Navakoski de Oliveira Vincent Andermark Susanne von Grafenstein Liliane A. Onambele Gregor Dahl Riccardo Rubbiani Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wolber Dr. Chiara Gabbiani Prof. Dr. Luigi Messori Prof. Dr. Aram Prokop Prof. Dr. Ingo Ott 《ChemMedChem》2013,8(2):256-264
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is overexpressed in cancer cells and is therefore a putative cancer target. Inhibition of this enzyme is considered an important strategy for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents with a specific mechanism of action. Organotin compounds have been described as experimental antitumor agents, yet their mechanism of action remains largely unknown. Based on the outcome of a virtual screening study, various di‐ and tri‐n‐butyltin(IV) carboxylates were synthesized, and their biological properties were evaluated. All synthesized compounds were able to inhibit TrxR selectively within the micromolar range and showed potent antitumor activity against HT‐29 and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines. Moreover, tin(IV) organometallics were found to strongly induce apoptosis in the BJAB lymphoma cell line. Mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy experiments revealed metal binding to proteins, and efficient cellular uptake was observed using a di‐n‐butyltin(IV) complex as an example. 相似文献
74.
The synthesis of new lanthanide allyl complexes of enhanced stability and solubility in saturated hydrocarbons based on silyl-substituted allyl ligands is reported. Thus the potassium salt K(CH2CHCHSiMe3) ( 1 ) reacts with YCl3 in tetrahydrofuran to give the tris-allyl complex Y(CH2CHCHSiMe3)3 ( 2 ), while K(CH2CHCHSiMe2tBu) ( 3 ) affords Y(CH2CHCHSiMe2tBu)3(THF)1.5 ( 4 ). Slow re-crystallization of 4 from light petroleum in the presence of tert-butylcyanide led to multiple insertion to give the sec-amido complex Y{NHC(tBu)(CH)3SiMe2tBu}2{η2-NHC(tBu)CH=CHCH2SiMe2tBu)CH(CHCHSiMe2tBu)CtBuNH}(THF)·(CH3CH(Me)(CH2)2CH3) ( 5 ), which was crystallographically characterized. The reaction of ScCl3(THF)3 with two equivalents of Li{1,3-C3H3(SiMe3)2} in tetrahydrofuran gives the bis-allyl complex {1,3-C3H3(SiMe3)2}2Sc(μ-Cl)2Li(THF)2 ( 6 ), while the analogous reaction of K{1,3-C3H3(SiMe3)2} ( 7 ) with either LaCl3 or YCl3 in tetrahydrofuran affords the bis-allyl complexes MCl{1,3-C3H3(SiMe3)2}2(THF)x (8, M = La, x = 1; 9, M = Y, x = 0). An attempt to prepare the similar neodymium complex gave the mono-allyl complex NdI2{1,3-C3H3(SiMe3)2}(THF)1.25 ( 10 ). The reactions of 8 and 9 with triisobutyl aluminum in benzene-d6 show allyl exchange between lanthanide and aluminum. Complexes 8 , 9 , and 10 have been tested with a variety of activator systems as catalysts for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene. 相似文献
75.
Compatibilizing effects of ethylene/propylene (EPR) diblock copolymers on the morphology and mechanical properties of immiscible blends produced from recycled low‐density polyethylene (PE‐LD) and high‐density polyethylene (PE‐HD) with 20 wt.‐% of recycled poly(propylene) (PP) were investigated. Two different EPR block copolymers which differ in ethylene monomer unit content were applied to act as interfacial agents. The morphology of the studied blends was observed by scanning‐ (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that both EPR copolymers were efficient in reducing the size of the dispersed phase and improving adhesion between PE and PP phases. Addition of 10 wt.‐% of EPR caused the formation of the interfacial layer surrounding dispersed PP particles with the occurrence of PE‐LD lamellae interpenetration into the layer. Tensile properties (elongation at yield, yield stress, elongation at break, Young's modulus) and notched impact strength were measured as a function of blend composition and chemical structure of EPR. It was found that the EPR with a higher content of ethylene monomer units was a more efficient compatibilizer, especially for the modification of PE‐LD/PP 80/20 blend. Notched impact strength and ductility were greatly improved due to the morphological changes and increased interfacial adhesion as a result of the EPR localization between the phases. No significant improvements of mechanical properties for recycled PE‐HD/PP 80/20 blend were observed by the addition of selected block copolymers. 相似文献
76.
Joana S. Cristóv?o Sónia S. Leal Isabel Cardoso Cláudio M. Gomes 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(9):19128-19145
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) aggregation is one of the pathological markers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The underlying molecular grounds of SOD1 pathologic aggregation remains obscure as mutations alone are not exclusively the cause for the formation of protein inclusions. Thus, other components in the cell environment likely play a key role in triggering SOD1 toxic aggregation in ALS. Recently, it was found that ALS patients present a specific altered metabolomic profile in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) where SOD1 is also present and potentially interacts with metabolites. Here we have investigated how some of these small molecules affect apoSOD1 structure and aggregation propensity. Our results show that as co-solvents, the tested small molecules do not affect apoSOD1 thermal stability but do influence its tertiary interactions and dynamics, as evidenced by combined biophysical analysis and proteolytic susceptibility. Moreover, these compounds influence apoSOD1 aggregation, decreasing nucleation time and promoting the formation of larger and less soluble aggregates, and in some cases polymeric assemblies apparently composed by spherical species resembling the soluble native protein. We conclude that some components of the ALS metabolome that shape the chemical environment in the CSF may influence apoSOD1 conformers and aggregation. 相似文献
77.
78.
Tobias Rosenkranz Alexandros Katranidis Diaa Atta Ingo Gregor Dr. Jörg Enderlein Prof. Mariusz Grzelakowski Dr. Per Rigler Dr. Wolfgang Meier Prof. Jörg Fitter Dr. 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2009,10(4):702-709
Protein unfolding inside immobilized polymerosomes : One of the most interesting properties of polymeric vesicles is their remarkable stability against extreme temperatures and osmotic stress, and their longevity even under harsh environmental conditions. We have demonstrated, in an application on protein folding, that surface‐tethered polymerosomes are suitable for performing time‐resolved single molecule studies with encapsulated proteins, as illustrated here.
79.
80.
Marion Börnhorst Jens Friedland Bjarne Kreitz Emanuele Moioli Gregor Wehinger 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(8):1210-1213
In this article, the results of the NaWuReT (Early Career Reaction Engineers) workshop on the topic “Are we doing relevant science?” are presented. The topics “(In)surmountable hurdles for Citizen Scientists in reaction engineering?” and “Circular Economy in reaction engineering with/for society?” were discussed. Therefrom, a variety of ideas and suggestions were extracted. 相似文献