Extensive salivary contamination due to concurrent use of chewing tobacco during I-131 radioablative therapy

Although multiple authors have reported on various causes of external I-131 contamination after administration of radioiodine, to the authors' knowledge there have been no reported cases of external contamination from salivary secretions due to expectoration of chewing tobacco. A case of extensive I-131 contamination of a hospital room, furniture, and plumbing due to indiscriminate use of chewing tobacco during an inpatient I-131 radioablative therapy is presented.     

Carboxyhemoglobin levels in neonatal immune hemolytic jaundice treated with intravenous gammaglobulin

Prior to 1940 the population of Sweden was one of the most homogeneous in Europe, with only 0.5% foreign born. Fifty years later, in 1990, the proportion of immigrants was around 15%. In order to describe and analyze consumption of dental care in different refugee groups in Sweden, data registered by the Department of Immigration and the National Social Insurance Board, on a random sample of 2489 refugees arriving in Sweden 1975-85, were merged. Information on nationality, date of arrival in Sweden, date of granting of permanent resident status and statistics on consumption of dental care were retrieved. During the period studied a total of 50,521 refugees arrived in Sweden. The average interval between arrival in Sweden and the first dental visit was 4.5 yr (95% < 1: 4.2-4.7). The total treatment time during the first course of treatment was 165.5 min (95% < 1: 148.7-182.3). Consumption of dental care did not decrease with an increased number of treatments. Only 38% of the refugees had visited a dentist at all in Sweden. With increasing number of years in Sweden the number of courses of dental treatment increased, but 41% of the refugees who had visited the dentist in Sweden had done so only once. This study shows a low utilization of dental services among refugees in Sweden in general. Refugees with dental visits in Sweden, in particular, had a high dental consumption.     

Photochemical Energy Conversion by a Thiazine Photosynthetic-Photoelectrochemical Cell

A thiazine photoelectrochemical cell has been developed involving thiazine photo-reduction using EDTA as the electron donor together with photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts to generate electricity with a higher power conversion efficiency than for thiazine-EDTA alone. Thionine and methylene blue have been shown to be electron acceptors of Photosystem I. The cell employed had a high ratio of the area of chloroplast-impregnated membrane compared to the volume of thiazine solution. This emphasised the photosynthetic contribution. An open circuit photovoltage (V_oc) of 415 mV, a maximum power density (P_a) of 4.15 m?W cm^-2, a short circuit current density (I_sc) of 50 m?A cm^-2 and a power conversion efficiency (S_p) of 0.145% were observed using thionine as the electron acceptor compared to a V_oc of 383 mV, a P_d of 3.0 m?W cm^-2, and I_sc of 43.0 m?A cm-² and an _p of 0.095% when methylene blue was used as the electron acceptor. These results show that the thiazine photogalvanic cell can be combined with the chloroplast solar battery in order to increase the power conversion efficiency of the system.