Metal-Containing Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): A Novel Material

A method is described for preparing isolated Fe nanoparticles on the surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) nanogranules. The composition and atomic structure of the nanoparticles are investigated by transmission electron microscopy and EXAFS, x-ray emission, and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques. The nanoparticles have a complex composition and structure and contain -Fe (15%). The majority phase in the nanoparticles is iron carbide (48%). On the surface of the PTFE nanogranules, the nanoparticles react with fluorine, forming Fe–F bonds (12% FeF₂). The free surface of the nanoparticles, noninteracting with fluorine, is oxidized by oxygen to form Fe₂O₃ (25%). A model for the structure of the nanoparticles is described.     

Life-expectancy formulas based on the load model

Scientific-Research and Test Center of the Radiational Safety of Spacecraft. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 59–64, July, 1993.     

Model of the lethality probability from radiation and other hazards

Scientific Research Testing Center for the Radiation Safety of Space Objects. Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 604-612, June, 1992.