基于视觉传感的超声-MIG焊熔滴行为分析

针对镀锌钢在焊接时对焊接参数难以精确控制,导致焊接接头质量较差,从而对镀锌钢超声-MIG焊接过程中的熔滴过渡机制进行深度研究。实验基于视觉传感器在不同的焊接电参数下,对比了超声-MIG与MIG焊接过程,通过图像处理技术提取熔滴的特征参数。结果表明：在焊接小功率参数下,熔滴过渡方式主要是短路过渡,超声此时会阻碍熔滴过渡,熔滴轮廓面积减少,距离熔池高度增加。当焊接功率增大时,在超声辅助作用下熔滴过渡方式主要是大滴过渡和射流过渡,熔滴的几何尺寸均减少,距离熔池高度减少,向熔池过渡频率增加。最后提出一种焊接过程中的熔滴计数算法,实验验证在1 000帧熔滴图像时间内,熔滴过渡周期最高可达37次,保证焊接过程中质量的稳定性,加速了焊接智能化发展。     

An efficient method for the enrichment of the arachidonic acid methyl ester from Mortierella alpina-derived crude oils

An improved method was developed for enriching arachidonic acid (AA) methyl ester from microbial oil by two-step low-temperature wet fractionation. The effects of solvent, operating temperature, and solvent-to-fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) ratio on the enrichment of AA were investigated. The best results were achieved when n-hexane was used as solvent. With operating temperatures in the range ?30 °C to ?80 °C and a FAMEs-to-solvent ratio of 1:5 (v/v), the proportion of AA methyl ester isolated could be increased to 83.76 ± 2.78% with a yield of 52.89%. The total recovery of AA methyl ester would be further increased to 90.84% by recrystallization of the solid phases. The 20C, 22C saturated fatty acids were enriched by n-hexane or petroleum ether at ?30 °C, with concentrations increased 7.5-fold or 7.2-fold compared with their original levels, respectively. In addition, a method that combined alkali and acid catalysis of the transmethylation was the most conducive to the preparation of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters.     

Facile one-step solid-state reaction route to synthesize ordered mesoporous β-Zn2SiO4–SiO2 nanocomposites

Ordered crystalline mesoporous β-Zn₂SiO₄–SiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by one-step solid-state reaction using mesoporous silica as both template and silica source. Zinc oxide formed by decomposition of zinc nitrate reacts with mesoporous silica and the β-Zn₂SiO₄ forms and disperses inside the silica walls. The obtained β-Zn₂SiO₄–SiO₂ nanocomposites possess hexagonal mesostructure with the β-Zn₂SiO₄ weight percentage below 40%. The β-Zn₂SiO₄ nanocrystals are surrounded by the non-crystalline silica of mesoporous walls. The non-crystalline silica acting as a binder to stick β-Zn₂SiO₄ nanocrystals plays a role in restraining the phase transformation from β-Zn₂SiO₄ to α-Zn₂SiO₄ and increasing the thermal stability of mesoporous β-Zn₂SiO₄. The crystalline mesoporous β-Zn₂SiO₄ may be a potential candidate for application as absorbents, for separation and as phosphors.     

Fabrication of LaGdZr2O7 transparent ceramic

A simple combustion method was used to synthesize LaGdZr₂O₇ powder and LaGdZr₂O₇ transparent ceramic was prepared by vacuum sintering at 1850 °C for 6 h. The final transparent ceramic, with a density of 6.46 g/cm³, has an in-line transmittance of 70.7% at 1000 nm and a refractive index of 2.08 at 632.8 nm.     

用硫铁矿烧渣制取超细氧化铁红及其改性研究

研究了用硫铁矿烧渣为原料，制取超细氧化铁红的新工艺。原料配加硫酸，采用熟化法酸浸，先制得硫酸亚铁，铁的浸出率达97％以上；用液相氧化法制晶种，添加独特的均相催化剂，制得长120nm，径30nm氧化铁红的棒状粒子。为防止二次团聚，用硬脂酸等表面活性剂进行改性，提高其亲油化度。该工艺简便可行，制备出理想的超细氧化铁红，且技术设备要求不高。     

Mechanism of the ClO2 generation from the H2O2‐HClO3 reaction

The development of chlorine containing species during the hydrogen peroxide‐based chlorine dioxide generation process has been determined. Accordingly, two distinct phases, namely the induction period and the steady‐state phase, were identified. In the induction period, it was observed that chloride and chlorous acid are generated, while chlorine, a byproduct from some methanol‐based processes, is not detectable. The absence of chlorine is explained by the fast reaction kinetics between hydrogen peroxide and chlorine, which results in the formation of chloride. In the steady‐state phase, due to the accumulation of chloride and chlorous acid during the induction period, the reaction between chloric acid and chlorous acid, which is responsible for the generation of chlorine dioxide in the hydrogen peroxide‐based ClO₂ process, becomes possible. Chloride is a catalyst in such a reaction.     

Upconversion Luminescence in γ-AlON:Yb3+,Tm3+ Ceramic Phosphors

Upconversion emission properties of γ-AlON:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ phosphors were investigated under single-wavelength diode laser excitation of 980 nm. Blue (479 nm) and red (653 nm) emission bands were observed which correspond to the transitions of ¹G₄→³H₆ and ¹G₄→³F₄ of Tm³⁺ ions, respectively. The upconversion spectra show a concentration-dependent luminescence intensity, reaching its peak at a concentration of 1.2 mol% Yb and 0.5 mol% Tm. Pump power dependence of the upconversion emission intensity ( P – I ) revealed that a two-photon process was involved in the blue and red emissions.     

矿物掺合料对钢筋氯盐腐蚀行为的影响及其作用机理

用水泥提取液模拟混凝土孔隙液,用自腐蚀电位、动电位极化和电化学阻抗技术,研究单掺粉煤灰或矿粉、复掺粉煤灰和矿粉对混凝土中钢筋氯盐腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,粉煤灰和矿粉均能有效降低钢筋受氯离子腐蚀的风险,减小腐蚀速率,并能不同程度地提高钢筋腐蚀的临界氯离子浓度.抑制氯离子腐蚀能力由强到弱依次为:矿粉>矿粉+粉煤灰>粉煤灰>水泥.且随氯离子浓度的增大,矿粉和粉煤灰的阻锈效率会有不同程度的下降.用矿粉和粉煤灰按适当比例复掺的方法来对抗氯离子腐蚀不仅经济,而且有不错的阻锈效果.     

胶凝剂对Sol-Gel法合成PZT95／5粉体的影响

在以无机盐为主要反应前驱物、水为主要溶剂的溶胶一凝胶法制备PzT95/5粉体中,胶凝剂具有重要的作用.研究表明:胶凝剂主要起到调节溶液pH值的作用.可影响溶胶和凝胶的形成,并影响凝胶的微观结构和PZT粉体的性能;当选用氨水为凝胶剂时,控制pH值在3.5～4.0时对溶胶-凝胶的形成有利,且在700℃/2.5h煅烧后能合成单一钙钛矿相PZT95/5粉体,粉体粒度细且均匀.