A study of ergonomics factors in washbasin design

A 4-week UNESCO-sponsored mission to the Department of Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University in Eastern Turkey, gave an opportunity to apply ergonomics techniques to some aspects of that country's domestic washbasin design. The study was intended to provide experience in questionnaire design and administration, in the application of psycho-physical methods, and to highlight the importance of determining user characteristics and preferences with regard to the built environment. A field study elicited information on dimensions and positioning of existing wash-basins and ancillary equipment and the opinions of users as to the suitability of these features in relation to the activities performed. A laboratory study, using an adjustable rig permitting variation in the heights of basin, taps and mirror/shelf, followed. The data obtained on preferred heights of these items led to the conclusions that basin height should be increased to between 95 and 100 cm to satisfy the majority of users; tap height above the basin should be reduced to about 11 cm; the shelf and lower edge of a mirror sited above the basin should be 136 cm above the floor; and a clear space of 110 cm should be available between the front of the basin and a wall or other obstruction. Suggestions on other design aspects of the bathroom, resulting from the study, are discussed.     

Real-time measurements of spatial velocity distribution with a laser Doppler imaging system

A new laser Doppler imaging system with a TV camera has been constructed, which brightly displays 1-D velocity distribution on a monitor. Some characteristics of this system have been experimentally investigated from measurements of simple velocity distribution on a constantly rotating ground glass disk. From an adaptation to fluid flow, it has been shown that the measurements of spatial velocity distribution can be achieved in real time.     

The influence of exhaustion and electrical stimulation on the meat quality of young bulls: Part 1-Post-mortem pH and temperature

After designing a method of handling cattle so that they reproducibly developed DFD meat, pH and temperature in cattle developing DFD and normal meat, respectively were studied. The influence of low voltage stimulation on both groups was also investigated. Depending on final pH and other characteristics of the meat, the carcasses could be assigned to subgroups representing pronounced DFD, slight DFD and normal meat, with and without electrical stimulation. In normal and in pronounced DFD carcasses electrical stimulation speeded up the pH drop but did not affect the final state of the meat. In stressed animals the pH values are variable for the first few hours post mortem. This effect is enhanced by electrical stimulation which, in carcasses with slight DFD (from stressed but not exhausted animals), may produce extremely fast pH drop and PSE-like meat. There is no evidence that electrical stimulation would influence the incidence of DFD in cattle slaughtered under commercial conditions. In normal animals electrical stimulation raised the carcass temperature during the first few hours post mortem by approximately 2°C. Carcasses from stressed animals had a higher temperature, independent of stimulation.     

农业废弃物作为吸附剂去除水中重金属研究

农业废弃物主要由纤维素和木质素组成,是一种潜在的重金属吸附剂。文中归纳了几种农业废弃物吸附剂及其改性方法,阐述了改性农业废弃物吸附重金属的机理,讨论了pH、重金属离子初始浓度、吸附剂用量、反应温度等因素对改性农业废弃物吸附能力的影响,并展望了改性农业废弃物的应用前景。     

阳离子乳化沥青混凝土配合比设计的优选方法研究

采用均匀正交试验对水泥掺量、乳液用量、拌合用水量三个因素进行优选,得到阳离子乳化沥青混凝土的基础配合比参数。通过测定每组沥青混凝土试件的稳定度和流值,并采用投影寻踪回归分析法(PPR)研究了水泥掺量、乳液用量和拌合用水量对稳定度和流值的影响规律,研究发现,对于稳定度和流值影响最大的因素是水泥掺量,其次是乳液用量的影响,而拌合用水量对稳定度和流值影响较小。