固相接枝共聚法制备PP—g—PS

用固相接枝共聚方法制备了聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯(PP-g-PS),详细地考察了聚丙烯与引发剂的品种、反应温度、苯乙烯及引发剂的浓度等因素对接枝率和接枝效率的影响。研究结果表明:PP-g-PS具有较高的接技率,应用于聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共混物中,能降低分散相PS的粒径,提高PP/PS的相容性。     

代数约简的条件信息熵表示及其高效约简算法

给出如何保持正区域不变的语义分析,提出一种修正条件信息熵计算公式,证明保持修正条件信息熵不变与保持正区域不变相互等价。在此基础上,给出代数约简概念的修正条件信息熵表示。给出反例说明修正条件信息熵不具有单调性,导致没法给出自底向上的启发式约简算法,证明了代数协调集中不可删除属性的不可逆性质,提出一种自顶向下直接删除属性的高效约简算法。它从所有条件属性集出发,逐步删除不必要的属性,只需遍历各属性一次,即可保证得到原始决策表的一个代数约简。数值算例和实验验证了该算法的正确性和高效性。     

Temperature-dependent transparency of poly(HPMA-co-DMA) hydrogels: effect of synthesis parameters

The acrylic comonomers hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA) have been used in several earlier studies to produce pH-responsive hydrogels. However, these same monomers can also be used to prepare hydrogels that are highly responsive to temperature. One manifestation of this temperature sensitivity is a sharp decrease in hydrogel optical transparency that occurs when the temperature exceeds a critical transition value. For example, a hydrogel that exhibits a swelling transition at the physiological pH value of 7.4 has a transition temperature of about 45 °C when the environmental salt concentration is 0.15 M. The value of the transparency transition temperature is shown to depend on hydrogel synthesis parameters such as comonomer mole ratio, crosslinker mole ratio, and even initiator concentration. By reducing the mole ratio of the crosslinker tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), the transition temperature can be lowered by as much as 15 °C. Environmental salt concentration and solvent polarity are also shown to influence the transition temperature.     

Micromechanical properties on the surface of PVC/SBR blends spatially resolved by a nanoindentation technique

The microhardness and micromodulus on the surface of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were determined using a nanoindenter. A flat surface was obtained by microtoming the sample at ?100°C in liquid nitrogen. Dozens of indents along a line with a spatial interval of 0.5 μm were performed. From the loading and unloading curves of each indentation, the stiffnesses of the unloading curve and the contact area between the sample and the indenter were evaluated, and the local modulus and hardness were calculated. Profiles of the local hardness and modulus were obtained from the lines of indents. Pure PVC and a miscible PVC/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) (40/10) blend showed constant modulus and hardness values. In the case of an immiscible PVC/SBR (50/50) blend, which has a morphology of elongated PVC droplets in the SBR matrix, the hardness and modulus profiles showed regions of the different phases. At the interface between the SBR and PVC phases, a step change in the modulus and hardness profiles was observed. The force required to deform the material at the same displacement increased systematically across the interface from the SBR to the PVC phase because of the increasing contribution of the PVC phase. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:609–614, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

独立光柴混合微电网新的负荷频率控制研究

针对光柴混合发电的孤岛微电网,提出基于滑模控制和超级电容调节的频率控制方法。首先,建立光伏系统、超级电容和柴油发电机系统的数学模型;其次,设计滑模控制器来调节柴油机发电机的有功输出功率,减小由于光伏输出功率波动和微网中不断变化的负荷而产生的频率偏差;最后增加超级电容储能设备控制微网的频率偏差。仿真结果表明,与传统的柴油发电机速度控制策略相比,提出的方法不仅实现了光伏系统的最大输出功率控制,而且有效的减少了孤岛微网的频率偏差。     

HPCS-AM-DAC共聚物的合成及絮凝性能研究

以羟丙基壳聚糖(HPCS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为原料合成三元高分子共聚物(HPCS-AM-DAC)。采用FTIR、1HNMR、XRD、SEM对其结构和形貌进行了表征。考察了反应温度、引发剂硝酸铈铵用量、单体滴加时间及DAC用量对产物阳离子度及特性黏数的影响。结果表明,在水为25 mL、丙烯酰胺为2 g、HPCS为1 g、反应温度70℃、引发剂用量为1.7%(以HPCS质量为基准,下同)、单体滴加时间为35min、DAC为3.5g的条件下,产物的阳离子度和特性黏数均达到较佳值,分别为63.01%和468.81mL/g。采用壳聚糖(CTS)、HPCS、HPCS-AM-DAC及市售阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)对高岭土模拟废水进行絮凝实验,考察了絮凝体系pH、不同絮凝产品投加量对浊度去除率的影响。结果表明,在浊度为200NTU的高岭土模拟废水中,HPCS-AM-DAC絮凝的适宜pH为2～6,适宜投加量为2～5 mg/L,在该条件下浊度去除率均在96%以上。     

Crystal shape monitoring and supersaturation measurement in cooling crystallization with quartz crystal oscillator

A crystallization monitoring system using a quartz crystal oscillator was utilized to predict different shapes of crystal formation by measuring crystal growth rate and to measure supersaturation. Applying different rates of cooling, crystal formation of different shapes was induced, and the frequency variation of the oscillator and the crystal shape observed with an SEM were compared to determine how the frequency variation can be interpreted for the prediction of produced crystal shape. The experimental results obtained from the crystallization of potassium nitrate and cupric sulfate solutions showed that the proposed frequency measurement technique could be applied in the prediction of crystal shape of cooling crystallization processes. In addition, supersaturation was determined from the measurements of solution and coolant temperatures.     

碳纤维水泥石电阻测试方法研究

准确测量碳纤维水泥石的电阻率是碳纤维水泥石的压敏和温敏性能得以应用的关键问题之一。已有研究表明，电阻率测量结果准确性受电极的制作形式及电阻的测试方法影响较大。本文在试验的基础上，分析了几种适用于碳纤维水泥石的电极布置形式的特点及两极法和四极法对电阻测试结果的影响。研究表明，碳纤维水泥石电阻宜采用插入式四极法测量。     

再结晶法制备高纯超细Al2O3粉的研究

本文介绍了用一种再结晶技术制造高炖、超细Al_2O_3粉体的新方法。 将硫酸铝铵溶液(AA)滴入碳酸氢铵溶液(AHC),经过反应合成一种新的含铝化合物,碳酸氢铝铵(AACH),然后在高温下煅烧,生成超细Al_2O_3粉体。另外还采用了X射线,红外光谱,DTA,以及TEM等手段,研究了反应温度、浓度、PH值和老化条件等对生成物AACH和Al_2O_3的影响。