Preparation and characterization of PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends by an in situ ring-opening polymerization

This paper describes a new reactive blending approach to improve the compatibility of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(?-caprolacton) (PCL). For this purpose, the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LLA) was carried out in the presence of PCL-OH (OH groups on one end). The P(CL-b-LLA) block copolymers were in situ formed during polymerization, and as a result, PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends were obtained. The characterization of GPC and ¹H NMR verified the synthesis of PLLA/P(CL-b-LLA) blends. Furthermore, the ¹³C NMR spectroscopy showed that no transesterification reaction occurred to a significant extent during LLA polymerization process. The in situ formed P(CL-b-LLA) compatibilizes the phase separated structure of PCL domains in PLLA matrix. The size of PCL domains in PLLA matrix became much smaller than that in a solution blended sample. The average sizes of PCL domains are controllable in the level of sub-micron scale.     

Rheological behavior of compatible polymer blends. I. Blends of poly(styrene-Co-acrylonitrile) and poly(ε-caprolactone)

The rheological behavior of blends of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated, using a cone-and-plate rheometer. For the study, blends of various compositions were prepared by melt blending using a twin-screw compounding machine. The rheological properties measured were shear stress (σ₁₂), viscosity (η), and first normal stress difference (N₁) as functions of shear rate (γ) in steady shearing flow, and dynamic storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as functions of angular frequency (ω) in oscillatory shearing flow, at various temperatures. It has been found that logarithmic plots of N₁ versus σ₁₂, and logarithmic plots of G′ versus G″, become virtually independent of temperature but vary regularly with blend composition, and that the zero-shear viscosity of the blends, (η_o)_blend, follows the relationship, 1/log(η_o)_blend = w_A/log η_0A + w_B/log η_0B, where η_0A and η_0B are the zero-shear viscosities of components A and B, respectively, and w_A and w_B are the weight fractions of components A and B, respectively. The physical implications of the relationship found are discussed.     

Surface modification and physical properties of various UHMWPE‐fiber‐reinforced modified epoxy composites

Two surface modification methods—plasma surface treatment and chemical agent treatment—were used to investigate their effects on the surface properties of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. In the analyses, performed using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, changes in weight, and scanning electron microscope observations, demonstrated that the two fiber‐surface‐modified composites formed between UHMWPE fiber and epoxy matrix exhibited improved interfacial adhesion and slight improvements in tensile strengths, but notable decreases in elongation, relative to those properties of the composites reinforced with the untreated UHMWPE fibers. In addition, three kinds of epoxy resins—neat DGEBA, polyurethane‐crosslinked DGEBA, and BHHBP‐DGEBA—were used as resin matrices to examine the tensile and elongation properties of their UHMWPE fiber‐reinforced composites. From stress/strain measurements and scanning electron microscope observations, the resin matrix improved the tensile strength apparently, but did not affect the elongation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 655–665, 2007     

木粉／低密度聚乙烯复合材料的发泡研究

用模压法制备木粉／低密度聚乙烯发泡材料。通过差示量热扫描分析,考察了纯偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)及与 ZnO共混物、纯NaHCO3及与柠檬酸(L)共混物的热分解特性,探讨了发泡剂AC、NaHCO3、柠檬酸、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯等对材料力学性能的影响,并在扫描电镜下观察了材料断面的微观形态。结果表明:采用放热发泡剂和复合发泡剂都能使复合材料密度下降20％左右,发泡后材料的冲击性能为发泡前体系的1．5倍左右;复合发泡剂的发泡效果优于单放热发泡剂的效果。     

研磨设备的研磨效率与不同研磨方式对涂膜性能的影响

讨论了影响和提高研磨效率的因素，主要探讨了砂磨机和球磨机的研磨效率和不同研磨方式对涂膜性能的影响；着重研究了篮式砂磨机和球磨机这两种研磨方式在涂料耐磨性方面的差别，以及篮式砂磨机砂子填充量对研磨效率的影响。     

Analysis of epoxidized soybean oil by gas chromatography

A fast and cost-effective procedure to quantitate epoxidized soybean oil by means of an external standard method is reported. This procedure is applicable to commercial epoxidized oils, polymer additive packages and polymers—polyvinyl chloride (PVC)—containing epoxidized oils. The epoxidized soybean oil is converted into fatty acid methyl esters with tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection. In PVC samples, the epoxidized soybean oil was extracted with toluene and followed by derivatization prior to analysis. The methyl esters of monoepoxyoctadecanoic, diepoxyoctadecanoic and triepoxyoctadecanoic acid were separated with a short capillary column.     

Rheology-processing-property relationships in tubular blown film extrusion. I. High-pressure low-density polyethylene

Three different grades of high-pressure low-density polyethylene resin were used to establish relationships between tubular film blowability and the molecular parameters, namely, the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the degree of long-chain branching (LCB), and also between the processing conditions and the mechanical properties of the tubular blown films produced. For the study, both the shearing and elongational flow properties of the resins were determined. During the tubular film blowing experiment we measured the freeze-line position, the tubular bubble diameter, the takeup speed, the axial tension, the pressure inside the tubular bubble, and the mass flow rate of the resin. The thickness of the tubular blown films was measured from the samples collected. In order to determine the tubular film blowability, we measured the maximum takeup speed at which the tubular blown bubble broke, for various blowup ratios. The measurements described above permitted us to calculate the tensile stresses at the freeze line, in both the machine and transverse directions, and they were found to be correlatable to the processing conditions employed. It has been found that the tubular film blowability is increased as the resin's MWD becomes narrower and the degree of LCB is less. It has been found further that a resin having lower elongational viscosity tends to give a greater draw-down ratio, indicating a better tubular film blowability. Finally, the tensile properties of the tubular blown films were found correlatable to the processing variables, namely, blowup and takeup ratios.     

1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮的合成与表征

以2-乙酰呋喃和苯甲醛为原料,经碱催化发生Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应,合成了一种查尔酮类化合物1-(2-呋喃基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮(FPPO)。在考察了各因素对缩合反应的影响后,采用响应面实验优化法探讨了反应时间、氢氧化钾质量分数、n(苯甲醛)∶n(2-乙酰呋喃)对产物FPPO产率的影响。结果表明:当n(苯甲醛)∶n(2-乙酰呋喃)=1.47∶1、反应时间为1 h、氢氧化钾质量分数为5.75%时,产物FPPO产率为63.3%,将相转移催化剂聚乙二醇-400 (PEG-400) 6 g加入反应体系后,FPPO产率可达88.5%。利用UV、FTIR和~1HNMR对其结构进行了确证,同时利用荧光光谱仪、DSC和TGA分别测试了FPPO的荧光性能和热稳定性。荧光性能测试结果显示:FPPO具有良好的荧光性能,当浓度为1.0×10~(-4) mol/L时,荧光强度为3.13×10~4 a.u.;DSC和TGA结果显示:FPPO具有较好的热稳定性,耐热温度约为140℃。     

基于炉区分段的BP神经网络钢坯温度预测

利用神经网络可以逼近任意非线性系统的特点,建立加热炉内钢坯温度预报模型。由于钢坯的边界热流系数和热传导系数、比热、重度等物理参数都是随温度变化的函数,所以,按加热炉的分区采用多个BP神经网络进行分段预测,以适应钢坯的物理参数的变化。仿真结果表明:所建模型简单,精度高,能满足工程实际需要。