The European contribution to the development of the ITER NB injector

This paper reviews the on-going design, R&D and procurement activities, mostly conducted within the ITER framework, on-going in Europe under the co-ordination of Fusion for Energy (F4E), in co-operation with the European Fusion Associations and aimed at the establishment of the ITER Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) system.     

Characterization of dielectric and acoustic properties of CSD PZT thin films at high frequencies

In this study, the microwave dielectric and the acoustic properties of Pb(Zr _x ,Ti_1-x )O₃ (PZT) thin films deposited using chemical solution deposition (CSD) were investigated using the same measurement setup. High dielectric constants in the range of ~280–540 and loss tangents less than 0.1 at 4 GHz were measured, where the value depends on the thickness of the PZT film. The voltage tunability of the 340 nm and 440 nm thick PZT thin films was ~34% and 5% for the 140 nm thick PZT film at 120 kV/cm and 4 GHz. The acoustic parameters of the PZT thin films under DC bias voltages were determined using a one-dimensional acoustic wave resonator model. For the PZT films of thicknesses 340 nm and 440 nm, the acoustic resonance frequency shift was about 15 MHz and the electromechanical coupling coefficient was ~10% at an electric field of 160 kV/cm. The large dielectric constant and high tunability suggest that the characterized PZT thin films may be suitable for radio frequency (RF) applications such as high-density RF MIM capacitors and other tunable devices.     

Nanoscale Surface Topography Modulates hIAPP Aggregation Pathways at Solid–Liquid Interfaces

The effects that solid–liquid interfaces exert on the aggregation of proteins and peptides are of high relevance for various fields of basic and applied research, ranging from molecular biology and biomedicine to nanotechnology. While the influence of surface chemistry has received a lot of attention in this context, the role of surface topography has mostly been neglected so far. In this work, therefore, we investigate the aggregation of the type 2 diabetes-associated peptide hormone hIAPP in contact with flat and nanopatterned silicon oxide surfaces. The nanopatterned surfaces are produced by ion beam irradiation, resulting in well-defined anisotropic ripple patterns with heights and periodicities of about 1.5 and 30 nm, respectively. Using time-lapse atomic force microscopy, the morphology of the hIAPP aggregates is characterized quantitatively. Aggregation results in both amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibrils, with the presence of the nanopatterns leading to retarded fibrillization and stronger amorphous aggregation. This is attributed to structural differences in the amorphous aggregates formed at the nanopatterned surface, which result in a lower propensity for nucleating amyloid fibrillization. Our results demonstrate that nanoscale surface topography may modulate peptide and protein aggregation pathways in complex and intricate ways.     

刮板输送机中部槽用高铬堆焊耐磨板的组织特征及滑动磨损性能*

为探讨CM550复合耐磨板用于煤矿刮板输送机中部槽的可行性，结合刮板输送机中部槽的磨损运动特征，研究CM550高铬堆焊耐磨层的组织结构和磨损性能，并分析其磨损损伤机制。金相、XRD和TEM组织结构分析表明，高铬堆焊层与Q235基体之间形成冶金熔合，堆焊层的相组成主要为α-Fe和Cr7C3碳化物，其中碳化物以初生棒状、共晶片状和粒状二次碳化物的形式存在。滑动磨损实验结果表明，在相同的摩擦因数条件下，CM550耐磨板的相对耐磨性是NM450耐磨钢的2倍以上，摩擦副材料的磨损质量损失也处于相同水平。石英砂磨料磨损的损伤主要来自硬石英砂颗粒的微切削磨损和软质铁素体区的变形剥落磨损，铁素体磨损暴露于磨损表面的硬质碳化物承担了主要的磨损载荷，阻止了石英砂磨料与软铁素体的直接接触，减轻了铁素体的进一步磨损，有效提高了耐磨性。因此，CM550高铬堆焊耐磨板可推荐为刮板输送机中部槽和煤矿各种耐磨衬板制造的耐磨材料。     

水电机组流量效率监测计量装置（二）──数据采集与误差分析

详细论述ＹＬＸ—０２型水电机组流量效率监测计量装置的数据采集系统，并时各检测的参数进行定量的误差分析．     

Simulations of ionic liquids, solutions, and surfaces

We have been using atomistic simulation for the last 10 years to study properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Studies of dissolved molecules show the importance of electrostatic interactions in both aromatic and hydrogen-bonding solutes. However, the local structure strongly depends upon ion-ion and solute-solvent interactions. We find interesting local alignments of cations at the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which give a potential drop through the surface. If the solid interface is charged, this charge is strongly screened over distances of a few nanometres and this screening decays on a fast time scale. We have studied the sensitivity of the liquid structure to force-field parameters and show that results from ab initio simulations can be used in the development of force fields.