E-GOLDradio CMOS单芯片解决方案成就低成本GSM系统

E-GOLDradio是英飞凌科技公司在利用标准CMOS技术实现数字、混合信号和射频功能的一种GSM单芯片集成方案。E-GOLDradio由基带控制功能模块、四频射频收发器和GSM系统所需的混合信号构件等组成。通过减少电容器和分立式元件等外接组件．将材料成本降低了约30％。该芯片的高集成性和超小尺寸,使翻盖手机或滑盖手机的设计能实现更大的灵活性。     

Effects of thermal stressing on saturated vegetable oils and isolated triacylglycerols ‐ product analysis by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry,NMR and IR spectroscopy

It is well‐known that triacylglycerols in vegetable oils undergo slow oxidative modifications upon storage particularly at elevated temperatures. This has been shown primarily for oils with unsaturated fatty acid residues that are most sensitive towards oxidation. Saturated oils, however, were by far less investigated. In the present study saturated oils (coconut oil) as well as isolated triacylglycerols were exposed to defined thermal stressing and the resulting products were investigated in dependence on temperature and the heating period. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization spectrometry, ¹³C and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the native as well as the thermally stressed oil samples. These methods were used since they provide both, fast and reliable information on oil composition and can be performed faster than other more established methods. We found that the degradation mechanism of saturated fatty acids is completely different from unsaturated fatty acids. Whereas unsaturated oils are primarily depleted under the cleavage of the double bonds, saturated oils undergo a conversion of one methylene group into a carbonyl group. This was independently demonstrated by all applied methods for the triacylglycerols as well as for the free fatty acids derived after saponification.     

Time-Dependent DNA Origami Denaturation by Guanidinium Chloride,Guanidinium Sulfate,and Guanidinium Thiocyanate

Guanidinium (Gdm) undergoes interactions with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups and, thus, is a highly potent denaturant of biomolecular structure. However, our molecular understanding of the interaction of Gdm with proteins and DNA is still rather limited. Here, we investigated the denaturation of DNA origami nanostructures by three Gdm salts, i.e., guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), guanidinium sulfate (Gdm₂SO₄), and guanidinium thiocyanate (GdmSCN), at different temperatures and in dependence of incubation time. Using DNA origami nanostructures as sensors that translate small molecular transitions into nanostructural changes, the denaturing effects of the Gdm salts were directly visualized by atomic force microscopy. GdmSCN was the most potent DNA denaturant, which caused complete DNA origami denaturation at 50 °C already at a concentration of 2 M. Under such harsh conditions, denaturation occurred within the first 15 min of Gdm exposure, whereas much slower kinetics were observed for the more weakly denaturing salt Gdm₂SO₄ at 25 °C. Lastly, we observed a novel non-monotonous temperature dependence of DNA origami denaturation in Gdm₂SO₄ with the fraction of intact nanostructures having an intermediate minimum at about 40 °C. Our results, thus, provide further insights into the highly complex Gdm–DNA interaction and underscore the importance of the counteranion species.     

Delayed crystallization of ultrathin Gd2O3 layers on Si(111) observed by in situ X-ray diffraction

ABSTRACT: We studied the early stages of Gd2O3 epitaxy on Si(111) in real time by synchrotron-based, high-resolution X-ray diffraction and by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. A comparison between model calculations and the measured X-ray scattering, and the change of reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns both indicate that the growth begins without forming a three-dimensional crystalline film. The cubic bixbyite structure of Gd2O3 appears only after a few monolayers of deposition.     

Evaluation of a Failed Water Wall Boiler Tube

A metallurgical evaluation was performed to investigate a crack in a lateral water wall boiler tube. The 2.5-in. diameter, carbon-steel tube was removed from a 125 MW coal-fired boiler used for base load electric power generation. Visual examination, microstructure characterization, and SEM/EDS analysis were used to determine that hydrogen damage was the primary failure mechanism.     

Rigid dimers formed through strong interdigitated H-bonds yield compact 1D supramolecular helical polymers

Hierarchical self-assembly of small abiotic molecular modules interacting through noncovalent forces is increasingly being used to generate functional structures and materials for electronic, catalytic, and biomedical applications. The greatest control over the geometry in H-bond supramolecular architectures, especially in H-bonded supramolecular polymers, can be achieved by using conformationally rigid molecular modules undergoing self-assembly through strong H-bonds. Their binding strength depends on the multiplicity of the H-bonds, the nature of donor/acceptor pairs and their secondary attractive/repulsive interactions. Here a functionalized molecular module is described, which is capable of self-associating through self-complementary H-bonding patterns comprising four strong and two medium-strength H-bonds to form dimers. The self-association of these phenylpyrimidine-based dimers through directional H-bonding between two lateral pyridin-2(1H)-one units of neighboring molecules allows the formation of highly compact 1D supramolecular polymers by self-assembly on graphite. A concentration-dependent study by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface, corroborated by dispersion-corrected density functional studies, reveals the controlled generation of either linear supramolecular 2D arrays, or long helical supramolecular polymers with a high shape persistence.     

冷轧板孔洞缺陷成因分析

冷轧板孔洞是薄规格冷轧产品中常见的一种缺陷。孔洞大致可分为三大类：正常拉裂类孔洞主要与基体的夹杂有关;疤块孔洞与坑状孔洞主要为钢基掉块或异物压入基体形成,其它类孔洞与轧制工艺过程控制有关;冷轧因素引起的孔洞与轧制力及张力分配不合理、冷轧异物压入及板型不良等因素有关、本文重点对热轧工序原因造成的冷轧孔洞缺陷进行了分析,采用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、热轧在线表面检测仪等设备对比分析了冷轧板出现的孔洞缺陷出现的原因,根据分析结果制定了相关的措施。     

Static versus dynamic predictions of protective stepping following waist-pull perturbations in young and older adults

The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the frequency of protective stepping for balance recovery in subjects of different ages and fall-status, and (2) to compare predicted stepping based on a dynamic model (Pai and Patton, 1997. Journal of Biomechanics 30, 347 354) involving displacement and velocity combinations of the center of mass (COM) versus a static model based on displacement alone against experimentally induced stepping. Responses to three different magnitudes of forward waist pulls were recorded for 13 young, 18 older-non-fallers and 18 older-fallers. The COM phase plane trajectories derived from motion analysis were compared with the model-predicted threshold values for stepping. We found that the older fallers had the highest percentage of stepping trials (52%), followed by older-non-fallers (17.3%), and young (2.7%) at the lowest perturbation level. Younger subjects stepped less often than the elderly at the middle level. Everyone consistently stepped at the highest level of perturbation. Overall, the dynamic model showed better predictive capacity (65%) than the static model (5%) for estimating the initiation of stepping. Furthermore, the threshold for step initiation derived from the dynamic model could consistently predict when a step must occur. However, it was limited, especially among older fallers at the low perturbation level, in that it considered some steps 'unnecessary' that were presumably triggered by fear of falling or other factors.