Relationship of peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value to development of undesirable flavor characteristics in fats

The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value were compared with the flavor score for a series of different types of fats, with and without added monoglyceride and with and without different stabilizers. The data indicated that the flavor score cannot be estimated for any given fat from either the peroxide value or the thiobarbituric acid value. Either can be used to follow the development of off flavors in a given product or formulation but the relative level may vary from product to product. Presented at the AOCS Meeting in Minneapolis, 1963.     

A framework for improved video text detection and recognition

Text displayed in a video is an essential part for the high-level semantic information of the video content. Therefore, video text can be used as a valuable source for automated video indexing in digital video libraries. In this paper, we propose a workflow for video text detection and recognition. In the text detection stage, we have developed a fast localization-verification scheme, in which an edge-based multi-scale text detector first identifies potential text candidates with high recall rate. Then, detected candidate text lines are refined by using an image entropy-based filter. Finally, Stroke Width Transform (SWT)- and Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based verification procedures are applied to eliminate the false alarms. For text recognition, we have developed a novel skeleton-based binarization method in order to separate text from complex backgrounds to make it processible for standard OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software. Operability and accuracy of proposed text detection and binarization methods have been evaluated by using publicly available test data sets.     

伊朗轻质原油减渣馏分油水界面张力的研究

The vacuum residual from Iranian Light crude oil are separated into a series of 16 narrow fractions according to the molecular weight by the supercritical fluid extraction and fractional (SFEF) technology. The chemical element and the UV spectrum of each fraction are analyzed. The effects of several factors on the interfacial tension are investigated, which are the fraction concentration in oil phase, the ratio of oil component, the salts dissolved in the water phase and the pH value. The interfacial tension decreases rapidly as the concentration of the residual fraction in the oil increases, showing a higher interfacial activity of the fraction. The interfacial tension changes, as the amount of absorption or the state of the fractions in the interface changes resulting from different ratios of oil, different kinds or concentrations of salts in water, and different pH values. It is concluded that the intrfacial tension changes regularly, corresponding to the regular molecular parameters of the vacuum residual fractions.     

Application of active coke in processes of SO2- and NOx-removal from flue gases

In the field of flue gas cleaning, active coke plays an important role as adsorbant and catalyst. In the temperature range usually prevailing downstream of the air preheater of power plants, SO₂ becomes adsorbed on carbonaceous materials and in a consecutive step is catalysed by the carbonaceous surface and converted to sulphuric acid. The quality demands for a cyclic regenerative process for SO₂ removal are fulfilled by the active coke which is used in the BF-process. The same active coke catalyses the reaction of NO with NH₃ to N₂ and steam. This is the basis for processes for simultaneous SO₂ and NO_x removal. By the addition of ammonia the SO₂ removal by active coke is improved. Two processes are described and results from the laboratory and from the demonstration plant for the BF-process are presented. These show that SO₂ removal efficiences exceed 95% and NO conversions of > 80% can be realized without problems. The cost of the processes using active coke with ammonia addition are comparable with those of wet flue gas desulphurization processes without any additional equipment should NO have to be removed.     

Rheology of cementitious paste with silica fume or limestone

The rheological behaviour of cementitious pastes where cement has increasingly been replaced by densified silica fume (SF), untreated SF or limestone has been studied. The effect of SF on the flow resistance, taken as the area under the flow curve, was found to depend on the dispersing ability of the plasticizer as illustrated by pastes with naphtalene sulphonate-formaldehyde condensate (SNF) and polyether grafted polyacrylate (PA).The gel strengths increased with increasing SF replacement of cement independently of plasticizer type. The cementitious gel strength was, however, depending on the type of SF since pastes with densified SF developed lower gel strengths than pastes with untreated SF. This phenomenon was attributed to agglomerates in the densified SF which remained unbroken by the mixing and measurement sequence.Both flow resistance and gel strength decreased with increasing limestone replacement. Thus, silica fume may have an advantage over limestone filler as stabilizing agent for self-compacting concrete preventing segregation upon standing and reduced form pressure due to a more rapid gel formation.     

A Python extension for the massively parallel multiphysics simulation framework waLBerla

We present a Python extension to the massively parallel HPC simulation toolkit waLBerla. waLBerla is a framework for stencil based algorithms operating on block-structured grids, with the main application field being fluid simulations in complex geometries using the lattice Boltzmann method. Careful performance engineering results in excellent node performance and good scalability to over 400,000 cores. To increase the usability and flexibility of the framework, a Python interface was developed. Python extensions are used at all stages of the simulation pipeline: they simplify and automate scenario setup, evaluation, and plotting. We show how our Python interface outperforms the existing text-file-based configuration mechanism, providing features like automatic nondimensionalization of physical quantities and handling of complex parameter dependencies. Furthermore, Python is used to process and evaluate results while the simulation is running, leading to smaller output files and the possibility to adjust parameters dependent on the current simulation state. C++ data structures are exported such that a seamless interfacing to other numerical Python libraries is possible. The expressive power of Python and the performance of C++ make development of efficient code with low time effort possible.     

Clinical applications of capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry in biomarker discovery: Focus on bladder cancer

A major requirement in the application of proteins as clinical biomarkers is that they provide a highly sensitive and specific result in disease assessment. Since single biomarkers are generally of limited accuracy, a group or panel of well-characterized biomarkers appears appropriate, providing a more robust and sensitive MS-based analytical platform. CE coupled to MS has been successfully used in biomarker discovery and application, as it enables the selective detection of peptides and small proteins, combining the high separation capacity of CE with the advanced sensitivity of MS. CE-MS allows the characterization of highly complex samples (such as urine, plasma, and other biofluids) in a consistent and reproducible way. It has a range of applications, many focusing especially in studies on urinary peptide biomarkers in kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Another major field of interest has been malignancy of the genitourinary system. In the first part of this review, we cover technical aspects and performance characteristics of CE-MS, with special focus on the requirements for biomarker discovery and clinical application. In the second part, we review the potential and development of CE-MS in the management of genitourinary cancers, especially bladder cancer. CE-MS has been employed in several studies aimed at discovering biomarkers for bladder cancer that may be useful in diagnosis, monitoring for recurrence, and prediction of the risk for the muscle-invasive stage. In the last part of the review, we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook for ongoing and possible future developments.     

Realization strategies of dedicated path protection: A bandwidth cost perspective

Communication networks have to provide a high level of availability and instantaneous recovery after failures in order to ensure sufficient survivability for mission-critical services. Currently, dedicated path protection (or 1 + 1) is implemented in backbone networks to provide the necessary resilience and instantaneous recovery against single link failures with remarkable simplicity. However, in order to satisfy strict availability requirements, connections also have to be resilient against Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) failures. In addition, switching matrix reconfigurations have to be avoided after a failure in order to guarantee instantaneous recovery. For this purpose, there are several possible realization strategies improving the characteristics of traditional 1 + 1 path protection by lowering reserved bandwidth while conserving all its favorable properties. These methods either utilize diversity coding, network coding, or generalize the disjoint-path constraint of 1 + 1.In this paper, we consider the cost aspect of the traditional and the alternative 1 + 1 realization strategies. We evaluate the bandwidth cost of different schemes both analytically and empirically in realistic network topologies. As the more complex realizations lead to NP-complete problems even in the single link failure case, we propose both Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based optimal methods, as well as heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches to solve them. Our findings provide a tool and guidelines for service providers for selecting the path protection method with the lowest bandwidth cost for their network corresponding to a given level of reliability.