Stochastic modeling of segregation in a motionless mixer

The mixing of particles with different characteristics is generally accompanied by segregation which prevents the particles from attaining the randomly mixed state. A discrete steady-state Markov chain model was employed to model the axial segregation of solid particles in a motionless mixer. Three systems containing particles of different sizes and/or densities were studied. One step transition probabilities of the model were experimentally determined. The model can predict the concentration profiles, the degrees of mixedness, and the equilibrium states of these particle systems blended by passing the particles through a motionless mixer. Experimental results are in good agreement with those predicted from the model.     

Optimal synthesis of process systems Necessary condition for optimal system and its use in synthesis of systems

The necessary condition for the optimal process system structure which includes both the optimal interconnection and optimal design of processing units is derived in terms of the structural parameters. The structural parameters are essentially splitting factors of process streams connecting processing units. The necessary condition requires the structural parameters and the design vectors to satisfy the weak maximum condition of the Hamiltonian type scalar functions. On the basis of the condition, a search method, evolutionary search for optimal structure (ESOS), for attaining the optimal structure starting from a simple structure is developed and its convergence is proved. An example of synthesizing a reactor-separator system illustrates its use.     

变化环境下河流健康评价研究进展

全球以温度升高为主要特征的气候变化耦合人类活动影响,造成了全球性变化环境背景下大范围的水资源危机、水环境污染和水生态退化问题,威胁河流健康,已成为当今世界各国急需解决的难题。针对变化环境背景,分别从河流健康的概念和内涵、河流健康评价的内容、方法及应用等方面,评述近年来国内外河流健康评价的研究进展。将河流健康定义为,特定时期一定的社会公众价值体系下,在保障河流自身基本生存需求的前提下,能够持续地为人类社会提供高效合理的生态服务功能,并实现服务功能综合价值最大化。在前人研究基础上,指出变化环境下河流健康评价研究存在的主要问题,如河流健康概念及内涵仍存在争议,河流健康变化的驱动机制尚不明确,河流健康评价的理论及方法有待完善,河流健康评价实践滞后及评价结果未能有效指导河流管理等。提出变化环境下河流健康评价的发展趋势:以流域为基本空间尺度结合多时间尺度开展河流健康评价与调控研究,因地制宜开展河流健康评价指标体系及评价标准研究,开展基于3S等技术的河流健康评价研究,建立长期且全面的河流健康监测网络,科学界定河流健康的"基准点",以及开展河流健康评价与水资源调控的集成研究等。     

Multivariate statistical analysis of solids mixing

The applicability of multivariate statistics to the analysis of mixing processes and mixtures of multicomponent solid particles in a drum mixer has been successfully demonstrated. The applications include (1) test of sampling techniques, (2) test of the completely random state, (3) test of the completely segregated state, and (4) definition of a mixing index for a multicomponent mixture.     

气泡釉的研制

研制了一种从石灰釉中分离出来的缺陷釉—气泡釉。气泡釉由于其特殊的性质,不适用于强度要求高的建陶,一般用于普通的日用瓷或艺术瓷。主要利用长石、高岭土、方解石、白云石和石英等常用原料,通过调整各种原料的用量,改变釉层厚度、烧成制度等方法来寻求最佳的气泡釉效果。     

γ-Al2O3复合膜的制备及掺硼对其热稳定性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得具有良好热稳定性的γ-Al2O3复合膜,采用SEM和X-射线衍射技术考察了制得的γ-Al2O3复合膜的微观形貌和晶相,并通过对复合膜的BET比表面积和孔径分布等进行表征,来探讨1000℃时膜结构的稳定性.结果表明,由溶胶-凝胶法制得的γ-Al2O3复合膜,呈均匀的网状结构,无剥落现象,与载体结合良好;经1000℃煅烧5小时后其BET比表面积和孔容只是略有减少,分别为4.1136m2·g-1和0.009787cm3·g-1,孔径分布变化幅度也不大,维持在25～100A的范围(平均孔径为95.1628A).     

利用棒杆菌由N－乙酰氨基肉桂酸制备L－苯丙氨酸

从土壤中分离到一株棒杆菌（ＣｏｒｙｎｅｂａｃｔｅｔｉｕｍＳｐ．），可利用Ｎ－乙酰氨基肉桂酸作底物，通过酰基转移和氨基转移两步酶促反应，生成Ｌ－苯丙氨酸。利用０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的乙酰氨基肉桂酸可生成０．０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｌ－苯丙氨酸，摩尔转化率可达３０％。     

Formation of Polymeric Lewis Acid–Lewis Base Complexes with Well-defined Organoboron Polymers

The binding of Lewis bases to organoboron polymeric Lewis acids has been studied and the parameters that determine the complexation equilibrium have been investigated, which include (i) the strength of the individual Lewis acids and Lewis bases, (ii) concentration, and (iii) temperature. While the strongly Lewis acidic borane polymers poly(4-bis(pentafluorophenyl)borylstyrene) (PS-BPf) and poly(4-(di-2-thienylboryl)styrene) (PS-BTh) form isolable complexes with strong Lewis bases such as 4-t-butylpyridine (^tPy), a temperature dependent equilibrium is established with weaker bases such as THF. Similarly, the weakly Lewis acidic boronate polymer poly(4-diethoxyborylstyrene) (PS-BOEt) undergoes a temperature dependent equilibrium with the strong Lewis base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), while poly(4-pinacolatoborylstyrene) (PS-BPin) does not significantly bind to pyridine bases. Decomplexation of PS-BTh· ^t Py is achieved by treatment with the stronger Lewis acid, B(C₆F₅)₃, thereby confirming the reversible nature of the polymeric Lewis acid–base adducts. This paper is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners in gratitude of his guidance throughout the years and recognition of his scientific accomplishments     

Discriminative multi-task objects tracking with active feature selection and drift correction

In this paper, we propose a discriminative multi-task objects tracking method with active feature selection and drift correction. The developed method formulates object tracking in a particle filter framework as multi-Task discriminative tracking. As opposed to generative methods that handle particles separately, the proposed method learns the representation of all the particles jointly and the corresponding coefficients are similar. The tracking algorithm starts from the active feature selection scheme, which adaptively chooses suitable number of discriminative features from the tracked target and background in the dynamic environment. Based on the selected feature space, the discriminative dictionary is constructed and updated dynamically. Only a few of them are used to represent all the particles at each frame. In other words, all the particles share the same dictionary templates and their representations are obtained jointly by discriminative multi-task learning. The particle that has the highest similarity with the dictionary templates is selected as the next tracked target state. This jointly sparsity and discriminative learning can exploit the relationship between particles and improve tracking performance. To alleviate the visual drift problem encountered in object tracking, a two-stage particle filtering algorithm is proposed to complete drift correction and exploit both the ground truth information of the first frame and observations obtained online from the current frame. Experimental evaluations on challenging sequences demonstrate the effectiveness, accuracy and robustness of the proposed tracker in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.     

Mechanical properties of (ethylene acrylate copolymer)‐modified polypropylene/TiO2 blends

An ethylene‐(methyl acrylate) (EMA) copolymer produced from a tubular reactor was found to be effective in toughening polypropylene, even at low concentrations. The addition of a small amount of TiO₂ pigment enhanced the EMA toughening effect. Microscopy and thermal analysis helped to reveal the possible EMA toughening mechanisms. The effects of two processing methods, dry blending and melt blending, on the mechanical properties of the formulation were also studied. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:65–70, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.