Einfluß einiger Legierungselemente auf die Festigkeitssteigerung von Stählen durch eine Austenitformhärtung

Zugversuche mit Ermittlung der üblichen Kennwerte und teils auch der 0,01-Grenze an austenitformgehärteten, anschlieβend bis zu 700°C angelassenen und an nach der gleichen Temperatur-Zeit-Folge “lediglich” vergüteten Proben aus fünf Stählen mit jeweils rd. 0,35% C, 5% Cr und dazu Legierungsanteilen in wechselnder Kombination von 1,6% Si, 3,0 bis 3,25% Co und 3,15 bis 3,3% Ni. Erörterung der Ergebnisse vor allem mit Folgerungen über die bei unterschiedlichem Umformgrad der Austenitformhärtung im Gefüge maβgeblichen Verfestigungsvorgänge.     

Enhanced studies on the mechanism of gas selectivity and electronic interactions of SnO2/Na-ionic conductors

The selectivity of metal oxide gas sensors (MOG) can be improved significantly by forming composites with solid ionic conductor additives. First investigations were done using model composites of SnO₂/Natrium Super Ionic Conductor (NASICON) with the result of a huge sensitivity enhancement to substances ending with R–OH, R–HO or R–COOH groups and a reduction of sensitivity to other gas components. This selectivity of the new composite to those functional groups could be confirmed by catalytic conversion measurements with FTIR-spectroscopy at three gas components, respectively. The specific conductivity of the NASICON containing composites is significantly lower than that of pure SnO₂. Advanced studies show that the activation energy of the bulk-conductivity increases by approximately 30% in the presence of NASICON. In spite of high volume parts of NASICON (20%), no polarization effects were found (a complete Ohmic current–voltage behavior) and mainly the resistive part of the electrical impedance is influenced.     

PLAUSIBLE APPROXIMATE REASONING

Modifications to Zadeh's theory of approximate reasoning are proposed to enhance the theory's ability to produce plausible inference results. The modifications include the introduction of a different implication definition and a certainty qualification for fuzzy propositions. Plausible reasoning is characterized by a set of reasoning patterns of practical significance. This set is then used to validate the overall approximate reasoning method.     

87Sr/86Sr from rock and soil into vine and wine

For provenance assignments of wines strontium isotope ratios can be used because soils from different wine-growing regions, and hence the wines grown there, each show specific ratios. Some successful applications are demonstrated.

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⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr aus Gestein und Boden in Rebe und Wein

Zusammenfassung Zur Herkunftsbestimmung von Weinen können Strontium-Isotopenverhältnisse herangezogen werden, da die Böden verschiedener Weinbaugebiete, und damit die dort gezogenen Weine, jeweils spezifische Verhältnisse aufweisen. Einige erfolgreiche Anwendungen werden demonstriert.

     

Metallurgical Development in Steel‐plant‐internal Multi‐injection Hot Metal Desulphurisation

The use of thermodynamic, statistical, and light and electron‐optical microscopic methods has made it possible to analyse the course of reactions during steel‐plant‐internal hot metal desulphurisation. The theoretical dependence between oxygen and sulphur activity has been used to develop an EMF‐measurement‐based technique for determining the sulphur content as the hot metal is desulphurised. The absence of magnesium sulphide from the collection of phases in the final slag because of the greater stability and secondary formation of calcium sulphide has been explained with the aid of thermo‐chemical calculations.