石墨化处理对高压浸渍碳化碳/碳复合材料抗氧化性能的影响

用超高压液相浸渍和碳化,经石墨化处理制备了毡基碳／碳复合材料。采用等温氧化实验,系统研究了所得试样在不同温度(773～1 173 K)条件下的氧化动力学行为;用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜检验观察了石墨化处理前后毡基碳／碳复合材料的氧化形貌和微观结构。结果表明：石墨化处理可明显的提高毡基碳／碳复合材料的抗氧化性能;毡基碳／碳复合材料的基体在氧化反应中优先氧化,氧化反应速率随温度的升高而增大;在高于或低于临界温度973 K时,毡基碳／碳复合材料的氧化反应分别受2种不同的机制控制,其反应活化能E,在石墨化前分别为7.91×10~4 J／mol和2.80×10~4J／mol,石墨化后分别为1.08×10~5J／mol和4.42×10~4J／mol。     

Influence of CLVD thermal gradient on the deposition behavior,microstructure and properties of C/C-ZrC composites

Chemical liquid vapor deposition (CLVD) is a rapid preparation method, but it is rarely involved in fabrication of C/C-UHTCs composites and its technology parameters are hardly discussed. In the present study, C/C-ZrC samples were prepared by CLVD process, and the effects of thermal gradient on the deposition behavior, microstructure and properties were investigated. Results exhibited the density, ZrC content and uniformity of the composites increased as the thermal gradient decreased from 30.4 to 9.8?°C/mm, indicating the deposition behavior was improved gradually. When the thermal gradient was 30.4?°C/mm, the deposition behavior of the specimen was poor, which resulted in the high porosity, small numbers of ZrC blocks and uneven distribution. Therefore, the specimen had a low flexural strength with brittle fracture and poor ablation resistance. As the thermal gradient decrease to 9.8?°C/mm, there was an excellent deposition in the composites, and the composites possessed large amounts of ZrC particles and their dispersion were improved remarkably. In this case, the composites displayed a non-brittle fracture with high strength, and the linear and mass ablation rates were reduced, which indicated an improvement of anti-ablation property. Nevertheless, the deposition was deteriorated evidently when the thermal gradient reached to 0?°C/mm. The density, ZrC content and uniformity of the sample became poor, leading to the decline of mechanical property and ablation resistance.     

Integrative improvement on thermophysical properties and ablation resistance of laminated carbon/carbon composites modified by in situ grown HfC nanowires onto carbon fiber cloths

HfC nanowires modified carbon fiber cloth laminated carbon/carbon (HfC_nw-C/C) composites were fabricated by in situ growth of HfC nanowires on carbon cloths via catalytic CVD, followed with lamination of the cloths and densification by pyrolytic carbon (PyC). Morphologies, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and ablation resistance of the composites were investigated. Due to the loading of HfC nanowires, the matrix PyC with low texture was obtained; the thermal conductivity of the composites in the Z direction was enhanced from 100℃ to 2500℃; CTE along the X–Y direction also decreased in the range of 2060 ℃ – 2500 ℃, which reaches the maximum of 24 % at 2500℃. Moreover, the 20s-ablation-resistance of HfC_nw-C/C composites exhibits mass and linear ablation rates of 5.3 mg/s and 21.0 μm/s, which are 40 % and 37 % lower than those of pure C/C composites, respectively. Our work shows laminated HfC_nw-C/C composites are a promising candidate for high-temperature applications.     

合成纳米TiO2／不饱和聚酯树脂（TiO2／UPR）的研究

将纳米TiO2粉加入到不饱和聚酯中进行同时增韧增强改性时，发现用简支梁冲击强度表征纳米TiO2／UPR的韧性时，树脂有明显的脆韧转变现象，脆-韧转变点为TiO2含量是6％。纳米TiO2／UPR弯曲强度和冲击强度较UPR分别提高了55％和46％。利用扫描电子显微镜观测纳米TiO2/UPR的冲击断口形貌时，发现在脆-韧转变点左右的纳米TiO2／UPR的微观形态发生了从脆性断裂到韧性断裂的形貌特征。     

交货期惩罚下柔性车间调度多目标Pareto优化研究

针对传统作业车间调度问题的局限性,结合实际生产过程的特点和约束条件,建立路径柔性的作业车间调度仿真模型。采用连续空间蚁群算法,对柔性车间作业进行多变量、多约束下的调度布局优化设计,在考虑各个机器提前/拖期完工的惩罚值,所有机器上的总负荷、成品合格率和最大设备利用率等性能指标更加合理情况下,为每次迭代产生的邻域解集作为Pareto非支配排序,防止算法操作过程中劣解的产生,提高求解效率。并与自适应免疫算法和交换序列混合粒子群法的优化结果进行对比,该算法可有效改善基本蚁群算法的停滞现象和全局寻优能力差的缺点。目前,该方法已在某机械公司进行示范,在提高加工效率、降低生产成本、减少协作费等方面效果显著。     

液态挤压非稳态温度场的有限元模拟

以Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ法建立了非稳定导热问题的有限元方程，确立了液态挤压成形过程的非稳态温度场的有限元模型，开发了相应的模拟软件，给出了稳定成形时的液态挤压温度场及工艺参数选取不恰当时的温度场分布，采用有限元模拟与试验相结合的方法分析了管材成形过程中发生断裂的内在原因，指出变形速度与凝固速度的协调是保证成形质量的关键因素。模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

快速凝固Cu-Cr-Zr合金时效工艺人工神经网络模型

快速凝固是一种获得高强度和高导电铜合金的有效途径。通过对时效温度和时间与硬度和导电率样本集的学习，采用Levenberg—Mar—quardt算法和四层BP网络建立了通用的快速凝固Cu—Cr—Zr合金时效工艺神经网络模型。实验结果与预测值吻合良好，从而为预测和控制该工艺性能开辟了新的途径。     

Substrates and interlayer coupling effects on Mo1-xWxSe2 alloys

Two-dimensional(2D) transition metal dichalcogenides alloys are potential materials in the application of photodetectors over a wide spectral range due to their composition-dependent bandgaps. The study of bandgap engineering is important for the application of 2D materials in devices. Here, we grow the Mo1-xWxSe2 alloys on mica, sapphire and SiO2/Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method. Mo1-x Wx Se2 alloys are grown on the mica substrates by CVD method for the first time. Photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy is used to investigate the effects of substrates and interlayer coupling force on the optical bandgaps of as-grown Mo1-xWxSe2 alloys. We find that the substrates used in this work have an ignorable effect on the optical bandgaps of as-grown Mo1-xWxSe2. The interlayer coupling effect on the optical bandgaps of as-grown Mo1-xWxSe2 is larger than the substrates effect. These findings provide a new way for the future study of the growth and physical properties of 2D alloy materials.     

螺纹综合测量机的扫描原理与误差分析

检测圆柱螺纹主要方法有螺纹综合测量机的轮廓扫描法和测长机的三针法、量球法,两种检测方法的测量结果存在一些差异。通过论述螺纹综合测量机检测圆柱螺纹的结构原理,构建轮廓扫描几何模型,设计针尖半径补偿算法,并对检测方法的误差影响因素进行了分析。经分析,所提出的螺纹综合测量机的轮廓扫描法具有测量精度高、速度快、参数全面、检测过程自动化,受人为因素干扰小的特点,是螺纹综合参数测量的最好方法。