The synthesis and structural characterisation of the first gallium(II) dialkylphosphide complex

The reaction of a dialkyl phosphine–gallium(II) iodide complex, [Ga₂I₄{P(H)Cy₂}₂], Cy = cyclohexyl, with Et₃N has been studied. This leads to proton abstraction from the phosphine ligand and formation of the first gallium(II)–phosphide complex, [Et₃NH]₂[Ga₄I₈(PCy₂)₂], the X-ray crystal structure of which reveals an unprecedented Ga₄P₂ heterocycle.     

Gaschromatographische Bestimmung von Kohlenmonoxid und Kohlendioxid Untersuchungen an der Gasphase des Zigarettenrauches

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine gaschromatographische Methode zur Bestimmung von CO und CO₂ beschrieben, die für einen weiten Empfindlichkeitsbereich von ppm, bis %-Gehalt geeignet ist. CO, CH₄ und CO₂ werden auf einer Kohlenstoff-Molekularsieb-Säule (CMS) bei isothermer Arbeitsweise getrennt. Erst nach mehr als 1000 Analysen sollte die Säule regeneriert werden. Eine quantitative Bestimmung von CO und CO₂ im Zigarettenrauch wird durchgeführt. Bei einer Gesamtretentionszeit von weniger als einer Minute ermöglicht dieses System eine Zug/Zug Analyse der Kohlenoxide im Rauch. Der Gehalt an CO und CO₂ in der Gasphase einiger Versuchszigaretten wird diskutiert.

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Gaschromatographic determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Investigations from the gas phase of cigarette smoke

Summary A gaschromatographic method for the quantitative determination of CO and CO₂ is described. The method is suitable in a wide sensitivity range from ppm to % content of these gases. CO, CH₄ and CO₂ are separated under isothermec working conditions by the use of a column filled with carbon molecular sieve CMS. The column should be regenerated only after more than 1000 analyses. The quantitative determination of CO and CO₂ in cigarette smoke is reported. With a total retention time of less than one min. this system enables the analysis of the carbon oxides to be performed puff by puff. The CO and CO₂ contents of the vapour phase of various test cigarettes are discussed.

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Teile der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden auf der 27th Tobacco Chem. Research Conference, Winston-Salem, N. C. USA, im Oktober 1973 vorgetragen.     

Coplanar-waveguide-fed slot-coupled rectangular dielectric resonator antenna

A novel coupling scheme to a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna is proposed and investigated. In particular, coupling to the resonator is achieved through a narrow slot at the end of a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The objectives of this design are to maximize the coupling, match the dielectric resonator to the CPW feed line, achieve resonance at the desired frequency, obtain linear polarization with low cross polarization components, and minimize back radiation without using a back conductor. An approximate and quick design approach is given followed by more accurate design and analysis using commercial software. The antenna was fabricated and tested. Measurements match well with simulation results.     

Issues of sexuality in older women

A newly developed automated urinary flow cytometer allows clear discrimination of erythrocytes from other solid components of urine. In this study, the normal range of the urinary erythrocyte count and the source of urinary erythrocytes in healthy individuals were investigated using this analyzer. For the diagnosis of the source of the urinary erythrocytes, Kitasato University Kidney Center criteria for this analyzer were applied. The subjects were 133 regularly employed volunteers (age range 20-48 years, mean 30.5) who noted no urinary tract symptoms and showed normal blood pressure, consisting of 41 females not in their menstrual period (age range 20-39 years, mean 24.8) and 92 males (age range 20-48 years, mean 33.1). Mid-stream voided urine was collected from these subjects using urine sampling cups, immediately transferred to 50-ml sterilized Spitz tubes, and analyzed within 30 min using the automated urinary flow cytometer. Urinary erythrocytes were derived from glomeruli in all samples of healthy subjects. The urinary erythrocyte count showed a logarithmic normal distribution. Values 2 SD of the urinary erythrocyte count in healthy individuals or higher were regarded as abnormal, and hematuria was considered to be positive when 11.0/microliter or more erythrocytes were observed by this analyzer. The finding by this analyzer corresponded to the report of Birch et al.     

Gain characteristics of an axial gas discharge interacting with atransverse rotating magnetic field

Gain measurements within an axial discharge interacting with a transverse rotating magnetic field are presented. The effects of applied voltage and magnetic field strength on centerline gain are discussed. This is followed by an investigation of the radial gain profile and the saturation intensity. Observed values of the small signal gain and the saturation intensity were 0.85 m^-1 and 160 W/cm², respectively     

Real-time detection of hyperosmotic stress response in optically trapped single yeast cells using Raman microspectroscopy

Living cells survive environmentally stressful conditions by initiating a stress response. We monitored changes in the Raman spectra of optically trapped Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell under normal, heat-treated, and hyperosmotic stress conditions. It is shown that when glucose was used to exert hyperosmotic stress, two chemical substances-glycerol and ethanol-can be monitored in real time in a single cell.