Performance limitation due to statistical Raman crosstalk in a WDM system with multiple-wavelength bidirectionally pumped Raman amplification

A general theoretical model of statistical Raman crosstalk and its impact on system performance in a multiwavelength bidirectionally pumped Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) is developed for the first time, where we have taken modulation statistics, dispersion-induced pulse walk-off and signal-induced pump depletion into account. Two kinds of statistical Raman crosstalk, from signal-induced forward-pump depletion and from signal-signal Raman interaction, are included in one model. Formulas for normalized Raman crosstalk, Raman crosstalk-induced relative intensity noise spectral density, and its variance and system performance impact in terms of Q penalty are presented for both a single-span system and a dispersion-compensated multispan wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) link. Based on these formulas, we numerically investigate the impact of Raman crosstalk on system performance in a three-wavelengths bidirectionally pumped 40 /spl times/ 40-Gb/s WDM system for various fiber types. In addition, Raman crosstalk in a four-wavelength bidirectionally pumped RFA was experimentally measured. The results agree well with our theory.     

光缆接续损耗的工程控制

本从影响光纤损耗的主要因素分析着手，提出了光缆接续损耗工程控制的简洁有效的方法。     

求解二维结构-声耦合问题的一种直接方法

本文基于传递矩阵法(TMM)和虚拟边界元法(VBEM)，提出了一种求解在谐激励作用下二维结构-声耦合问题的直接法。文中对任意形状的二维弹性环建立了一阶非齐次运动微分方程组，便于用齐次扩容精细积分法求解，对于含有任意形状孔穴的无穷域流体介质的Helmholtz外问题，采用复数形式的Burton-Miller型组合层势法建立了虚拟边界元方程，保证了声压在全波数域内存在唯一解。根据叠加原理并结合最小二乘法，提出了一种耦合方程的直接解法，由于该方法不存在迭代过程，因而具有较高的计算精度和效率。文中给出了二个典型弹性环在集中谐激励力作用下声辐射算例，计算结果表明本文方法较通常采用的混合FE／BE法更为有效。     

Mining predecessor–successor rules from DAG data

Data mining extracts implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from databases. Many approaches have been proposed to extract information, and one of the most important ones is finding association rules. Although a large amount of research has been devoted to this subject, none of it finds association rules from directed acyclic graph (DAG) data. Without such a mining method, the hidden knowledge, if any, cannot be discovered from the databases storing DAG data such as family genealogy profiles, product structures, XML documents, task precedence relations, and course structures. In this article, we define a new kind of association rule in DAG databases called the predecessor–successor rule, where a node x is a predecessor of another node y if we can find a path in DAG where x appears before y. The predecessor–successor rules enable us to observe how the characteristics of the predecessors influence the successors. An approach containing four stages is proposed to discover the predecessor–successor rules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 21: 621–637, 2006.     

Kommunikationsoberfläche Membran‐ Vorbild für moderne Nanoanalytik

A central event in the life of a cellular system is the interaction between the exterior and the interior compartments. Biochemical signals arrive at the cellular surface, bind to their membrane bound receptor followed by a conformational change triggering the release of an internal chemical or electrical signal.This basic principle is followed by all our perceptive abilities like sense of smell or taste, but also by different signal transduction pathways involved in nerve conductivity, vision, sense of touch or hearing. To follow and mimic this principle of parallel registration is one of the aims of modern nanobiotechnology. If we are able to specifically biofunctionalize small arrays of a solid surface, which could be an electrode or a semiconductor, this approach will enable us to build up devices called “biochips” or “biosensors” that allow the determination of bioactive molecules with high specificity at lowest concentrations. Potential pharmacological active substrates might be screened as well as new receptors may be determined. Applications in genomics as well as proteomics are realistic. The major prerequisite for such a broad spectrum of applications is the fabrication of receptive surfaces. Biomolecules have to be surface‐adsorbed in a highly reproducible, oriented and well organised fashion, a task which in biology is taken by the cellular membranes as external or internal receptive surfaces. The physical principles like hydrogen bonds, electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions that lead to such an organized surface are well known. To synthesize molecular building blocks and to position them onto an otherwise unspecific surface is one of the challenges of nanobiotechnology combining biological knowledge and chemical skills with biophysical techniques that allow to handle or analyze even single molecules.     

An Analysis of Citation Counts of ETRI‐Invented US Patents

From its foundation until 2004, ETRI has registered over 1,000 US patents. This letter analyzes the characteristics of these patents and addresses the explanatory factors affecting their citation counts. For explanatory variables, research team related variables, invention specific variables, and geographical domain related variables are suggested. Zero‐altered count data models are used to test the impact of independent variables. A key finding is that technological cumulativeness, the scale of invention, outputs in the electronic field, and the degree of dependence on the US technology domain positively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents. The magnitude of international presence appears to negatively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents.     

Synthesis of ZSM‐5 Films and Monoliths with Bimodal Micro/Mesoscopic Structures

A route to synthesize ZSM‐5 crystals with a bimodal micro/mesoscopic pore system has been developed in this study; the successful incorporation of the mesopores within the ZSM‐5 structure was performed using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH)‐impregnated mesoporous materials containing carbon nanotubes in the pores, which were encapsulated in the ZSM‐5 crystals during a solid rearrangement process within the framework. Such mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolites can be readily obtained as powders, thin films, or monoliths.     

Optimal pilot waveform assisted modulation for ultrawideband communications

Ultrawideband (UWB) transmissions induce pronounced frequency-selective fading effects in their multipath propagation. Multipath diversity gains can be collected to enhance performance, provided that the underlying channel can be estimated at the receiver. To this end, we develop a novel pilot waveform assisted modulation (PWAM) scheme that is tailored for UWB communications. We select our PWAM parameters by jointly optimizing channel estimation performance and information rate. The resulting transmitter design maximizes the average capacity, which is shown to be equivalent to minimizing the mean-square channel estimation error, and thereby achieves the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao lower bound. Application of PWAM to practical UWB systems is promising because it entails simple integrate-and-dump operations at the frame rate. Equally important, it offers a flexible UWB channel estimator, capable of striking desirable rate-performance tradeoffs depending on the channel coherence time.     

抗真菌蛋白Rs-AFP2基因定点突变及其对大肠杆菌中表达的影响

为了研究遗传密码子对表达调控的影响,利用PCR重叠延伸法,对萝卜抗真菌蛋白Rs-AFP2基因编码序列区的部分核苷酸进行沉默突变,构建突变体Rs-AFPm.序列分析表明,PCR产物全长240bp,有一个阅读框,编码的蛋白由29个氨基酸的信号肽和51个氨基酸的抗真菌蛋白组成.突变体与突变前的Rs-AFP2基因相比,在编码区第3号氨基酸Lys相差一个碱基(TTG→TTA),第5号氨基酸Gln相差一个碱基(CAG→CAA),第6号稀有密码子Arg相差两个碱基(CAG→CGA).重新合成引物,将切除信号肽的Rs-AFP2基因和Rs-AFPm基因与原核表达载体pET-21b(+)分别重组到大肠杆菌BL21菌株.IPTG诱导后,二者均得到了表达.软件分析显示,突变前pETAFPo表达产物占全菌蛋白的3%,突变后pETAFPm的表达产物占全菌蛋白含量的8%;表达蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,包涵体经超声波破碎后,蛋白质复性,抑菌结果表明,pETAFPm表达产物的抑菌半径大于pETAFP2表达产物的抑菌半径.这些都说明改造后的Rs-AFPm基因与Rs-AFP2基因相比,已有效地提高表达量.     

基于VC++的Web浏览器的实现

利用VC 的浏览器控件,实现Web浏览器的设计方法.