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排序方式: 共有106条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic nanoparticle use in the control of infectious biofilms
Kecheng Quan Zexin Zhang Yijin Ren Henk J.Busscher Henny C.van der Mei Brandon W.Peterson 《材料科学技术学报》2021,69(10):69-78
Targeting of chemotherapeutics towards a tumor site by magnetic nanocarriers is considered promising in tumor-control. Magnetic nanoparticles are also considered for use in infection-control as a new means to prevent antimicrobial resistance from becoming the number one cause of death by the year 2050. To this end, magnetic nanoparticles can either be loaded with an antimicrobial for use as a delivery vehicle or modified to acquire intrinsic antimicrobial properties. Magnetic nanoparticles can also be used for the local generation of heat to kill infectious microorganisms. Although appealing for tumor-and infectioncontrol, injection in the blood circulation may yield reticuloendothelial uptake and physical obstruction in organs that yield reduced targeting efficiency. This can be prevented with suitable surface modification. However, precise techniques to direct magnetic nanoparticles towards a target site are lacking. The problem of precise targeting is aggravated in infection-control due to the micrometer-size of infectious biofilms, as opposed to targeting of nanoparticles towards centimeter-sized tumors. This review aims to identify possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for infection-control. We first review targeting techniques and the spatial resolution they can achieve as well as surface-chemical modifications of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance their targeting efficiency and antimicrobial efficacy.It is concluded that targeting problems encountered in tumor-control using magnetic nanoparticles, are neglected in most studies on their potential application in infection-control. Currently biofilm targeting by smart, self-adaptive and pH-responsive, antimicrobial nanocarriers for instance, seems easier to achieve than magnetic targeting. This leads to the conclusion that magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for the control of micrometer-sized infectious biofilms may be less promising than initially expected.However, using propulsion rather than precise targeting of magnetic nanoparticles in a magnetic field to traverse through infectious-biofilms can create artificial channels for enhanced antibiotic transport.This is identified as a more feasible, innovative application of magnetic nanoparticles in infection-control than precise targeting and distribution of magnetic nanoparticles over the depth of a biofilm. 相似文献
32.
Checking Finite Traces Using Alternating Automata 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alternating automata have been commonly used as a basis for static verification of reactive systems. In this paper we show how alternating automata can be used in runtime verification. We present three algorithms to check at runtime whether a reactive program satisfies a temporal specification, expressed by a linear-time temporal logic formula. The three methods start from the same alternating automaton but traverse the automaton in different ways: depth-first, breadth-first, and backwards, respectively. We then show how an extension of these algorithms, that collects statistical data while verifying the execution trace, can be used for a more detailed analysis of the runtime behavior. All three methods have been implemented and experimental results are presented. 相似文献
33.
Frédéric H. B. Mertins Henk Kruidhof Henny J. M. Bouwmeester 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(11):3003-3007
Dense tubular membranes were produced by centrifugal casting of an aqueous suspension, containing powder particles of the mixed-conducting perovskite La0.5 Sr0.5 CoO3−δ and a dispersant. The resulting green bodies were dried and sintered to produce tubes with a maximum length of 12 cm, having a relative density higher than 92%. The particle morphology, the amount of dispersant and its burnout appeared to influence the quality of the final product. Oxygen permeation measurements were conducted in the temperature range 850°–950°C in Air/He gradients. Results were found to be consistent with data reported for disk-type membranes. 相似文献
34.
Changming Zhao Gan Luo Xiaokang Liu Wei Zhang Zhijun Li Qian Xu Qinghua Zhang Huijuan Wang Deming Li Fangyao Zhou Yunteng Qu Xiao Han Zezhou Zhu Geng Wu Jing Wang Junfa Zhu Tao Yao Yafei Li Henny J.M. Bouwmeester Yuen Wu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(39):2002382
Electrochemical reduction of CO to value-added products holds promise for storage of energy from renewable sources. Copper can convert CO into multi-carbon (C2+) products during CO electroreduction. However, developing a Cu electrocatalyst with a high selectivity for CO reduction and desirable production rates for C2+ products remains challenging. Herein, highly lattice-disordered Cu3N with abundant twin structures as a precursor electrocatalyst is examined for CO reduction. Through in situ activation during the CO reduction reaction (CORR) and concomitant release of nitrogen, the obtained metallic Cu° catalyst particles inherit the lattice dislocations present in the parent Cu3N lattice. The de-nitrified catalyst delivers an unprecedented C2+ Faradaic efficiency of over 90% at a current density of 727 mA cm−2 in a flow cell system. Using a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE), a 17.4 vol% ethylene stream and liquid streams with concentration of 1.45 m and 230 × 10−3 m C2+ products at the outlet of the cathode and SSE-containment layer are obtained. 相似文献
35.
Bernd Finkbeiner Sriram Sankaranarayanan Henny B. Sipma 《Formal Methods in System Design》2005,27(3):253-274
We present an extension to linear-time temporal logic (LTL) that combines the temporal specification with the collection of
statistical data. By collecting statistics over runtime executions of a program we can answer complex queries, such as “what
is the average number of packet transmissions' in a communication protocol, or “how often does a particular process enter
the critical section while another process remains waiting' in a mutual exclusion algorithm. To decouple the evaluation strategy
of the queries from the definition of the temporal operators, we introduce algebraic alternating automata as an automata-based
intermediate representation. Algebraic alternating automata are an extension of alternating automata that produce a value
instead of acceptance or rejection for each trace. Based on the translation of the formulas from the query language to algebraic
alternating automata, we obtain a simple and efficient query evaluation algorithm. The approach is illustrated with examples
and experimental results. 相似文献
36.
Franciscus C. Vermeer Jeroen Bremer Robert J. Sietsma Aileen Sandilands Robyn P. Hickerson Marieke C. Bolling Anna M.G. Pasmooij Henny H. Lemmink Morris A. Swertz Nine V.A.M. Knoers K. Joeri van der Velde Peter C. van den Akker 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(22)
Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of genetic skin conditions characterized by abnormal skin (and mucosal) fragility caused by pathogenic variants in various genes. The disease severity ranges from early childhood mortality in the most severe types to occasional acral blistering in the mildest types. The subtype and severity of EB is linked to the gene involved and the specific variants in that gene, which also determine its mode of inheritance. Current treatment is mainly focused on symptomatic relief such as wound care and blister prevention, because truly curative treatment options are still at the preclinical stage. Given the current level of understanding, the broad spectrum of genes and variants underlying EB makes it impossible to develop a single treatment strategy for all patients. It is likely that many different variant-specific treatment strategies will be needed to ultimately treat all patients. Antisense-oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated exon skipping aims to counteract pathogenic sequence variants by restoring the open reading frame through the removal of the mutant exon from the pre-messenger RNA. This should lead to the restored production of the protein absent in the affected skin and, consequently, improvement of the phenotype. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that exon skipping can restore protein production in vitro, in skin equivalents, and in skin grafts derived from EB-patient skin cells, indicating that ASO-mediated exon skipping could be a viable strategy as a topical or systemic treatment. The potential value of exon skipping for EB is supported by a study showing reduced phenotypic severity in patients who carry variants that result in natural exon skipping. In this article, we review the substantial progress made on exon skipping for EB in the past 15 years and highlight the opportunities and current challenges of this RNA-based therapy approach. In addition, we present a prioritization strategy for the development of exon skipping based on genomic information of all EB-involved genes. 相似文献
37.
Fast DNA translocation through a solid-state nanopore 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report experiments and modeling of translocation of double-strand DNA through a siliconoxide nanopore. Long DNA molecules with different lengths ranging from 6500 to 97000 base pairs have been electrophoretically driven through a 10 nm pore. We observe a power-law caling of the translocation time with the length, with an exponent of 1.27. This nonlinear scaling is strikingly different from the well-studied linear behavior observed in similar experiments performed on protein pores. We present a theoretical model where hydrodynamic drag on the ection of the polymer outside the pore is the dominant force counteracting the electrical driving force. We show that this applies to our experiments, and we derive a power-law scaling with an exponent of 1.22, in good agreement with the data. 相似文献
38.
Non-Darcian Airflow through Ceramic Foams 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents the first results on fluid flow through (laboratory-made) ceramic foams. Pressure drop (ΔP) vs airflow rate ( U ) measurements show that Darcy's law does not hold and that the non-Darcian airflow through the foams satisfies an equation of the form ΔP = aU + bU 2 . A permeability quotient is defined, which appears to be a qualitative measure for the average pore size of a foam. A Reynolds number defined in terms of this quotient can be used to estimate the Darcian flow range for a certain fluid. 相似文献
39.
水冷型和风冷型日晒色牢度试验机 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
日晒色牢度试验机自诞生以来,经历了转鼓式风冷、转鼓式水冷和平板式风冷三个时期。该文重点分析了风冷和水冷机型的优缺点,并结合日晒色牢度测试的常用标准和实际应用情况,就风冷和水冷机型对检测结果的影响和不同机型之间检测结果的可比性问题,进行了讨论。 相似文献
40.
Jan J. T. M. Swartjes Theerthankar Das Shahriar Sharifi Guruprakash Subbiahdoss Prashant K. Sharma Bastiaan P. Krom Henk J. Busscher Henny C. van der Mei 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(22):2843-2849
Biofilms are detrimental in many industrial and biomedical applications and prevention of biofilm formation has been a prime challenge for decades. Biofilms consist of communities of adhering bacteria, supported and protected by extracellular‐polymeric‐substances (EPS), the so‐called “house of biofilm organisms”. EPS consists of water, proteins, polysaccharides and extracellular‐DNA (eDNA). eDNA, being the longest molecule in EPS, connects the different EPS components and therewith holds an adhering biofilm together. eDNA is associated with bacterial cell surfaces by specific and non‐specific mechanisms, mediating binding of other biopolymers in EPS. eDNA therewith assists in facilitating adhesion, aggregation and maintenance of biofilm structure. Here, a new method is described to prevent biofilm formation on surfaces by applying a DNase I enzyme coating to polymethylmethacrylate, using dopamine as an intermediate. The intermediate coupling layer and final DNase I coating are characterized by water‐contact‐angle measurements and X‐ray photoelectron‐spectroscopy. The DNase I coating strongly reduces adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus (95%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (99%) and prevents biofilm formation up to 14 h, without affecting mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation. Also agarose‐gel‐electrophoresis indicates loss of enzyme activity between 8 and 24 h. This duration however, is similar to many local antibiotic‐delivery devices, which makes it an ideal coating for biomaterial implants and devices, known to fail due to biofilm formation with disastrous consequences for patients and high costs to the healthcare system. With threatening increases in antibiotic resistance, the DNase I coating may provide a timely, potent new approach to biofilm prevention on biomaterial implants and devices. 相似文献