α-松油烯为原料的单萜衍生物合成及其构造解析

把α-松油烯与马来酸酐的分子间Diels-Alder环加成反应产物1-甲基-4-（1-甲基乙基）-双环[2．2．2]-5-辛烯-2,3-二酸酐（1）,在甲醇溶剂中,用Raney Ni为催化剂进行加氢,获得了加氢产物1-甲基-4-（1-甲基乙基）-双环[2．2．2]辛烷-2,3-二酸酐（2）,然后,对化合物1和2分别进行加水分解反应获得了二羧酸化合物1-甲基-4-（1-甲基乙基）-双环[2．2.2]-5-辛烯-2,3-二羧酸（3）和-个新化合物1-甲基-4-（1-甲基乙基）-双环[2．2．2]辛烷-2,3-二羧酸（4）。用^1HNMR（^1H-^1H Cosy）以及^13CNMR（DEPT,HMQC,HMBC,NNE,INADEQUATE）高分解能核磁共振测定手法对化合物1～4进行了详细的解析和化学位鹈的归属．     

Inhibition of cell growth by Stellera chamaejasme extract is associated with induction of autophagy and differentiation in chronic leukemia K562 cells

Stellera chamaejasme has been used as a therapeutic plant for treatment of various inflammatory diseases and solid tumors. Our study was particularly interested in the differentiation inducing activity of the aerial parts of S.chamaejasme using human chronic leukemia cell line K562. The ethanol extract has been shown to be highly cytotoxic against K562 cells at > 0.008% (v/v) doses. Cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase, not detectable DNA fragmentation as well as positive staining with acridine orange and expression of beclin-1 protein in the treated cells led as to detect autophagic cell death during the plant extract treatment of K562 cells. Moreover, differentiation marker CD11b was also expressed in the treated cells.     

The Quality of High Pressure-Induced and Heat-Induced Hyuganatsu Marmalade

Hyuganatsu is a typical Japanese citrus with desirous smell and edible albedo. The objectives of this study are to establish a method for softening hyuganatsu peel without heating and a process for making a high pressure-induced （HP-） marmalade and to compare with heat-induced （H-） marmalade and citrus shaddock family marmalade. Firmness of peel was （greatest to least） pressurized at 500 MPa for 30 min, soaked in citric acid solution at pH 2.7 for 24 h, and boiled for 10 min, respectively. The cell walls of flavedo and albedo did not loosen after pressurization. However, after soaking or heating, the middle lamella of albedo separated. When flavedo was soaked at pH 2.7, 9.3% of pectin was extracted. The amount of naringin was the least in hyuganatsu 〈 pummelo 〈 grapefruit）, and juice sacs 〈 flavedo 〈 segment walls 〈 albedo, respectively. Thus, marmalade was processed. Albedo, segment walls and juice sacs of hyuganatsu were homogenized with citric acid solution （pH 2.7） and mixed with sliced flavedo. Then it was soaked for 24 h at pH 2.7. Sucrose was then added （final sugar 50%）, vacuum packed, then pressurized for 30 min at 500 MPa or boiled for 10 min, respectively. There was no significant difference in sensory evaluation between HP- and H-marmalade. However, the color, transparency and total evaluation of HP-marmalade were better than H-marmalade. Consequently, total evaluation of hyuganatsu-HP-marmalade was rated highly. So, hyuganatsu was considered to be more suitable for marmalade because it was more palatable than the others.     

Accumulation of neurons differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells in particular areas of culture plate surface

Nanoscale magnetic beads coated with nerve growth factor (NGF) allow us to accumulate neurons differentiated from mouse ES cells in a selected area of the culture plate surface using a magnet. Neurons with neurite outgrowths within a particular area expressed TrkA and incorporated beads in the soma.     

Enantioselective Cyclopropanation Reactions with Planar‐Chiral Pyridinium Ylides: A Substituent Effect and a Remote Steric Effect

Novel planar‐chiral pyridinium ylides were designed, and generated in situ from the corresponding pyridinium salts with triethylamine. Ylides with a common parapyridinophane skeleton reacted efficiently with electron‐deficient dicyanoalkenes, or malononitriles, to produce optically active cyclopropane derivatives with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Remote steric effects were observed on the enantioselectivities, where the R² groups of the pyridinophane core resulted in higher ee values of the products. Density function theory (DFT) calculations are in good agreement with our experimental results: the energetically favored transition state leads to the major stereoisomer, namely the trans‐cyclopropane products.     

Fabrication of DNA-antibody–apatite composite layers for cell-targeted gene transfer

Surface-mediated gene transfer systems using apatite (Ap)-based composite layers have received increased attention in tissue engineering applications owing to their safety, biocompatibility and relatively high efficiency. In this study, DNA-antibody–apatite composite layers (DA–Ap layers), in which DNA and antibody molecules are immobilized within a matrix of apatite nanocrystals, were fabricated using a biomimetic coating process. They were then assayed for their gene transfer capability for application in a specific cell-targeted gene transfer. A DA–Ap layer that was fabricated with an anti-CD49f antibody showed a higher gene transfer capability to the CD49f-positive CHO-K1 cells than a DNA–apatite composite layer (D–Ap layer). The antibody facilitated the gene transfer capability of the DA–Ap layer only to the specific cells that were expressing corresponding antigens. When the DA–Ap layer was fabricated with an anti-N-cadherin antibody, a higher gene transfer capability compared with the D–Ap layer was found in the N-cadherin-positive P19CL6 cells, but not in the N-cadherin-negative UV♀2 cells or in the P19CL6 cells that were pre-blocked with anti-N-cadherin. Therefore, the antigen–antibody binding that takes place at the cell–layer interface should be responsible for the higher gene transfer capability of the DA–Ap than D–Ap layer. These results suggest that the DA–Ap layer works as a mediator in a specific cell-targeted gene transfer system.     

Molecular dynamics simulation study of model friction modifier additives confined between two surfaces

We have used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular energetics and orientation of surfactant‐like model “friction modifier” (FM) additives with and without hydrocarbon solvent and confined between idealized atomistic surfaces. The normal load, fluid layer thickness, and additive surface concentration dependencies agree favorably with those measured experimentally for model fluids using a surface forces apparatus. The simulations predicted either a single or multiple free energy wells with increasing surface separation, depending on the FM concentration. With no solvent added, pure FMs showed oscillations in normal pressure and free energy with increasing surface separation; stable states corresponded to successive layers of FM molecules being expelled from the region between the adsorbed films. In the case of FM/hydrocarbon solution, only a single stable position was found. The equilibrium structure was also found to depend on the head group structure of the FMs. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Application of heat shock protein assay and proteome assay to water from wastewater treatment plant.

In this study we applied bioassay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a heat shock protein (HSP) 47 promoter to the effluent of the wastewater treatment plants in Sapporo and we observed the statistically significant HSP production. This implied the effluent contained some organic matter which can stress the CHO cells. To investigate the possible causes of the toxicity of the effluent, we applied the assay to the rejected water from the sludge treatment plant, the mixtures of sewage and rejected water. The evolution of HSP production during the aerobic decay process and thickening process of sludge was also examined. These assay results showed that dissolved microbial products generated and/or released from activated sludge during its decay process in the aeration tank and during thickening and dewatering process in the sludge treatment train contributed to develop HSP production. The proteomics analysis was also applied to the effluent and detected the production of elongation factor 1beta. This result implies that the effluent from wastewater treatment plants may cause changes in cell proteins involved in allergic reaction.     

Effects of triolein or oleic acid on lymphatic recovery of docosahexaenoic acid given as ethyl ester and their intramolecular distribution in lymph triglyceride of rats

Effects of oleic acid or triolein on lymphatic recovery of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) given as an ethyl ester were examined in rats with cannulated thoracic ducts. Lymphatic recovery of ethyl DHA given with oleic acid or triolein was significantly higher than in rats given ethyl DHA alone. DHA distrbuted almost exclusively at the 1-and 3-position of triglyceride in lymph collected at 0–3 h after the administration, when it was given with oleic acid or triolein. A small part of DHA distributed at the 2-position when ethyl DHA was the sole fatty acid given. Oleic acid given as free acid or triolein with ethyl DHA was a major fatty acid at the 2-position. Intramolecular distribution of DHA and oleic acid in lymph triglyceride was similar when ethyl DHA was given with oleic acid or triolein.