Correction to: A Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Azosemide in Solubilized System

In the original publication of the article, the corresponding author's name was incorrectly published. The corresponding author's name should appear as Ashok Kumar.     

A HOMOGENEOUS MODEL FOR MASS TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN GAS-LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEMS

A modified homogeneous mass transfer model based on penetration theory is proposed for the mass transfer enhancement in gas-liquid-liquid systems. The present model assumes the existence of a shuttle mechanism between the organic dispersed phase and the continuous aqueous phase and considers the effect of diffusivity along with the solubility ratio and the dispersed phase holdup. The concept of effective diffusivity for gas in liquid-liquid emulsions has been used to consider the effect of diffusivity on mass transfer enhancement. The proposed model predicts the experimentally obtained enhancement factor with reasonable accuracy and numerical simplicity. Fresh experiments were also conducted to further validate the proposed model.     

Experimental and modeling analysis of diffusive release from single‐shell microcapsules

There is much experimental and mathematical work that describes chemical transport from multilayered films of planar geometries. There is less so, however, for chemical transport from multilayered spheres, a common structure for controlled‐release materials. Based on the Sturm–Liouville approach of Ramkrishna and Amundson (1974), explicit analytical solutions for the concentration profiles and release kinetics from spherical capsules are presented. Fluorescent dye‐release studies using single‐shelled microspheres called nanoparticle‐assembled capsules were performed to validate the model for uniformly and nonuniformly sized capsules. The combined experiment‐modeling approach allows optical microscopy images and release measurements to be readily analyzed for estimating diffusion coefficients in capsule core and shell walls. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

A reduced reaction mechanism for the simulation in ethylene flare combustion

Industrial ethylene flares are considered to be a probable major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde. VOCs are chemicals that are responsible for the formation of other atmospheric pollutants like ozone. Due to the difficulty and cost of field measurements, on-line monitoring is not practical and other methods must be employed. Current methodologies for calculating speciated and total VOC emissions from flaring activities generally apply a simple mass reduction to the VOC species sent to the flare that does not consider the production of incomplete combustion or other intermediates. There arises a need of a speciation study for the inspection of these flare for their emission. However, most of the detailed kinetic mechanisms for the speciation study of flaring events are too complex, consist of large number of reactions and species, and also are computationally expensive. A reduced mechanism will thus be desirable for improving computational efficiency. In this study, a reduced mechanism for simulating ethylene flare combustion is presented. By retaining the important features of the detailed mechanism in the form of elementary reactions, and satisfying the species constraint of commercial CFD packages, the reduced mechanism, thereby, is useful for speciation study of flaring event.     

Geometrically nonlinear NURBS isogeometric finite element analysis of laminated composite plates

This research present the development of geometrically nonlinear NURBS isogeometric finite element analysis of laminated composite plates. First-order, shear-deformable laminate composite plate theory is utilized in deriving the governing equations using a variational formulation. Geometric nonlinearity is accounted for in Von-Karman sense. A family of NURBS elements are constructed from refinement processes and validated using various examples. k-refined NURBS elements are developed to study thin plates. Isotropic, orthotropic and laminated composite plates are studied for various boundary conditions, length to thickness ratios and ply-angles. Computed center deflection is found to be in an excellent agreement with the literature. For thin plate analysis, linear and k-refined quadratic NURBS element is found to remedy the shear locking problem. k-refined quadratic NURBS element provide stabilized response to distorted, coarse meshes without increasing the order of the polynomial, owing to the increased smoothness of solution space.     

ANSYS CFD and experimental comparison of various parameters of a solar still

A solar still is a very simple device to convert brackish water into drinkable water. It depends on various parameters like inner glass cover temperature, outer glass cover temperature, vapour temperature, basin water temperature, etc. All such parameters are directly proportional to the distillate output. Hence, to compare parameters, a model is developed in ANSYS CFD. The simulation results of ANSYS CFD are compared with actual experimental results. Results show that there was good agreement with experimental results. Hourly distillate output and cumulative distillate output were also obtained by simulation results and good agreement was found with experimental results. At last, it is obvious that ANSYS CFD simulation results are a very important tool to analyse the purpose of a solar still.     

Analysis of polyolefins and olefin copolymers using Crystaf technique: Resolution of Crystaf curves

An experimental technique, crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf), is used to analyze compositional uniformity of ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers and isotactic polypropylene. A computerized method for quantifying Crystaf data is developed based on resolution of Crystaf curves into their elemental components, with each component representing a fraction of the polymer with the same degree of chain imperfection. This analysis of Crystaf curves gives three parameters characterizing crystallizable polymer material: (a) the number of compositionally uniform components, (b) properties of each compositionally uniform component (in the case of ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers, the comonomer content), and (c) the quantity of each component. Crystaf analysis of several ethylene/1‐hexene copolymers produced with supported Ti‐based Ziegler‐Natta catalysts shows the existence of two groups of copolymer components. The first group includes components with low comonomer content, in the Crystaf analysis they precipitate at high temperatures as several relatively sharp peaks. The second group includes components with high comonomer contents; they precipitate at much lower temperatures, as a broad overlapping group of peaks. The peak resolution technique was applied to analysis of ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers prepared with a supported catalyst at different temperatures, a copolymer produced with a pseudo‐homogenous Ziegler‐Natta catalyst, and to isotactic polypropylene. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Annual performance analysis of a single-basin passive solar still coupled with evacuated tubes: comprehensive study in climate conditions of Mahesana,Gujarat

A solar still is very simple device to convert available brackish or saline water into drinkable water by use of solar energy. But due to its lower distillate output, it is not used widely for industrial and domestic potable water application. In the present research paper, annual performance analysis of a single-basin passive solar still with vacuum tubes (SBSWVT) is carried out in climate conditions of Mahesna, Gujarat, India, during July 2011–June 2012. From constant research work of 1 year, energy payback time of 176 days and cost of water produced of around 0.716?Rs per litre have been found.     

A comprehensive review of solar cooker with sensible and latent heat storage materials

Solar energy is available freely and does not create any pollution to the environment. Hence, researchers from all around the world are always working on solar energy applications with enhancement technologies. The solar cooker is one of the largest solar energy application, which is used to cook the food. However, because the solar energy is available only during the daytime, it is not widely used for industry as well as household application. To store the heat during the day, energy storage materials are used. Hence, this study presents a review of sensible and latent heat storage materials used to store the heat during daytime and use for other than daytime hours.     

Target Fishing by Cross‐Docking to Explain Polypharmacological Effects

Drugs may have polypharmacological phenomena, that is, in addition to the desired target, they may also bind to many undesired or unknown physiological targets. As a result, they often exert side effects. In some cases, off‐target interactions may lead to drug repositioning or to explaining a drug’s mode of action. Herein we present an in silico approach for target fishing by cross‐docking as a method to identify new drug–protein interactions. As an example and proof of concept, this method predicted the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ as a target of ethacrynic acid, which may explain the hyperglycemic effect brought on by this molecule. The antagonistic effect of ethacrynic acid on PPAR‐γ was validated in a transient transactivation assay using human HEK293 cells. The cross‐docking approach also predicted the potential mechanisms of many other drug side effects and discloses new drug repositioning opportunities. These putative interactions are described herein, and can be readily used to discover therapeutically relevant drug effects.