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131.
132.
In this study, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is synthesized and characterized. C-S-H slurry was made with calcium oxide (CaO) to micro-silica (SiO2) mixture ratio of 1.5 and enough deionized water. The slurry was continuously mixed for 7 days, then the excess water was removed. Two methods of drying were implemented: one method used the standard d-dry technique and the other was equilibrated to 11% relative humidity (RH). The dried powders were characterized using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRDA), and 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The stoichiometric formulas of synthetic C-S-H powders dried to d-dry and 11% RH in this study were approximated as C1.2SH0.7 and C1.2SH2.4 respectively. The powders were then compacted to create specimens with porosities similar to C-S-H in hydrated cement. The specimens underwent nanoindentation to mechanically characterize C-S-H. The experiments provide insight on the nanoscale mechanical characteristics of C-S-H. 相似文献
133.
Poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol)-grafted-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (EVOH-g-PHBV) was prepared by a catalyzed grafting of PHBV onto immiscible EVOH. These reactions were performed at high temperature in the molten state. The choices of Tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (Sn(Oct)2) and 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), as catalyst, were justified by a first study in an internal mixer. The catalyst quantity, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimized to apply them in the conditions of a reactive extrusion process with a co-rotating twin screw extruder. High reaction temperature, from 180 °C to 220 °C, associated to intensive mixing led to efficient grafting of PHBV onto EVOH, compatible with short residence times required.Rheological, thermal and morphological analyses were conducted to characterize the obtained copolymers. Molecular weights were determined by SEC. SEM imaging were made on cryo-fractured surfaces of blends extruded with and without catalyst. In most of reaction conditions, a compatible blend was obtained with a fine micro phase separation. Grafted copolymers were only obtained when well defined and controlled conditions are applied. 相似文献
134.
Bazil Taha Ahmed José Luis Masa Campos Jose Maria Lalueza Mayordomo 《Wireless Personal Communications》2012,66(2):251-260
The purpose of this study is to characterize the indoor channel for IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) at 3.3?C3.6?GHz frequency. This work presents a channel model based on measurements conducted in commonly found scenarios in buildings. These scenarios include closed corridor, wide corridor and semi open corridor. Path loss equations are determined using log-distance path loss model and a Rayleigh multipath induced fading, Normal multipath induced fading or a combination of both. A numerical analysis of measurements in each scenario was conducted and the study determined equations that describe path loss for each scenario. Propagation loss is given for 300?MHz bandwidth. This work also represents the insertion loss of different materials and the obstruction loss due the existence of human beings between the transmitting antenna and the receiving one. 相似文献
135.
ET Sayed Y Saito T Tsujiguchi N Nakagawa 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2012,114(5):521-525
It was revealed that the dry powder yeast extract (YE) has the ability to act as a biocatalyst as well as a mediator in a biofuel cell. The yeast extract, from Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., was used as a biocatalyst in an open air cathode biofuel cell containing phosphate buffer for glucose oxidation. The anode medium with only the YE showed an immediate activity by producing a current and delivering power depending on its concentration. By adding glucose to the anode medium, the anode potential decreased with time to -0.2?V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), and produced a higher power compared to that without glucose. The biofuel cell produced an open circuit voltage (OCV) as high as 1?V. 相似文献
136.
M. Attia F. S. Taha H. M. Mustafa A. S. El-Nockrashy 《Molecular nutrition & food research》1988,32(3):281-284
Bench-scale refining of crude colour-fixed cottonseed oil was carried out using equipment and conditions similar to those at a local factory. Ethanolamine at 2–3% level resulted in 55–62% reduction in the oil colour, and 24–26% reduction in the refining loss over the factory treated oil. Sodium silicate at 0.14–0.47% level resulted in about 50% reduction in oil colour and 24–44% reduction in the refining loss. A two-step treatment, first with caustic soda lye then with either additives, and miscella refining using ethanolamine as an additive, resulted in superior oil colour, yet the refining losses were high. 相似文献
137.
Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from raw milk, whey and curdled milk produced and collected in the region of Algiers and Blida between September 2003 and July 2004. Four out of 153 (2.61%) farm milk samples and 6 out of 80 (7.50%) tankers' samples tested positive for L. monocytogenes. All samples of whey and curdled milk (n=12) tested negative for L. monocytogenes, but 2 of 22 (9%) samples of whey were contaminated by L. innocua. L. monocytogenes isolates were grouped by a multiplex PCR assay; all isolates belonged to the PCR-group IVb, which corresponds to serovars 4b, 4d and 4e. L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The combination of AscI and ApaI macrorestriction patterns yielded five different pulsovars (I to V). The results indicate that raw milk, and raw milk products are potential sources of the L. monocytogenes and represent a potential risk for consumers. 相似文献
138.
139.
Stable water-in-oil (w/o) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) having an internal phase of up to 95 vol% were prepared. The poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (P(St-MMA-AA)) copolymer particles were used as stabilizer. The HIPEs prepared with addition of copolymer particles to the aqueous phase were stabilized by copolymer particles initially, followed by the mixture of copolymer particles and copolymer as the particles eventually dissolves in the organic phase, and finally by only copolymer. Stable w/o HIPEs having an internal phase of up to 92 vol% were also formed with P(St-MMA-AA) copolymer dissolved in the organic phase as the sole stabilizer. Porous polymers (polyHIPEs) were prepared based on these two types of surfactant-free HIPEs. The morphology of the polyHIPEs, such as the surface roughness of the voids and average void diameter, were tailored by tuning the internal phase volume fraction, NaCl, copolymer, and crosslinker concentrations. 相似文献
140.
Polypropylene (PP) was functionalized in the melt by grafting polar monomers using an internal mixer and a corotating twin‐screw extruder. 2,5‐Bis(tertbutylperoxy)‐2,5‐dimethylhexane (Luperox 101) and dicumyl peroxide (DP) were the used radical initiators. The polar monomers were itaconic acid (IAc), 2‐octen‐1‐ylsuccinic anhydride (OY), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and 3‐allyloxy‐1,2‐propanediol (AP). Grafting was quantified by FTIR combined to Elemental Analysis. Grafting degree depends mainly on monomer and initiator natures and concentrations. Grafting degree maxima were 3.9, 2, 9.5, and 3.9 wt %, respectively, for IAc, OY, HEMA, and AP. Some properties of the modified PP were evaluated. Thermal analysis indicated that the polarity of PP increased by grafting reaction and size‐exclusion chromatography showed that the grafting was not accompanied by a significant Mw and viscosity decrease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 相似文献