The effect of age,gender and attitudes on self-regulation in driving

Self-regulation in driving has primarily been studied as a precursor to driving cessation in older people, who minimise driving risk and compensate for physical and cognitive decline by avoiding driving in challenging circumstances, e.g. poor weather conditions, in the dark and at busy times. This research explores whether other demographic groups of drivers adopt self-regulatory behaviours and examines the effects of affective and instrumental attitudes on self-regulation across the lifespan. Quantitative data were collected from 395 drivers. Women were significantly more likely than men to engage in self-regulation, and to be negatively influenced by their emotions (affective attitude). A quadratic effect of age on self-regulation was determined such that younger and older drivers reported higher scores for self-regulation than middle-years’ drivers. However, this effect was affected by experience such that when experience was controlled for, self-regulation increased with age. Nevertheless, anxious driving style and negative affective attitude were independent predictors of self-regulation behaviours. Results suggest that self-regulation behaviours are present across the driving lifespan and may occur as a result of driving anxiety or low confidence rather than as an effect of ageing.     

Magnetic Resonance In Situ Study of Tricalcium Aluminate Hydration in the Presence of Gypsum

The hydration of tricalcium aluminate, in the presence of gypsum, is investigated using in situ "real-time"¹H NMR spin–spin relaxation, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope experiments. Aside from rapid ettringite formation within the first 45 min, it is shown that a re-distribution of water within the first 2 h contributes significantly to the retardation of the rate of hydration. From the ¹H NMR component with T ₂ of approximately 20 μs, the continual disappearance of ettringite and the production of the layered monosulfate structure is monitored. In addition, the technique makes possible the monitoring of the change in the quantity of interlayer water in monosulfate, as well as the time scale associated with the decrease in the effective interlayer spacing, resulting from the ionic substitution of SO₄²⁻ for OH⁻. The ionic substitution within monosulfate starts after approximately 9 h. Although it has been believed that the time scale for this reaction is fast, we have shown that it can take days to reach completion.     

Partial separation of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters from FAMEs mixtures by adsorption on silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel

Mixtures of FAMEs derived from soybean and canola oils were fractionated by contacting their hexane solutions with AgNO₃/SiO₂ adsorbents. Methyl linolenate (18∶3) adsorbed most strongly, followed by methyl linoleate (18∶2), on the AgNO₃/SiO₂. Conditions of the extractions (AgNO₃ loading, amount of adsorbent, methyl soyate/hexane solution concentration, use of successive extractions, and methods of adsorbent regeneration) were varied. Under optimal conditions, the 7.0% of 18∶3 in methyl soyate could be reduced to 0.1%. The described process is a simple method for separating a FAMEs mixture into a fraction that is depleted in polyunsaturated FAMEs and one that is enriched.     

衣橱里的烟装小礼服

伊夫圣罗兰（Yves Saint Laurent）曾为永不褪流行的烟装小礼服下过如下注解：流行来来去去，但只有时尚长存不朽；烟装小礼服，是一种时尚，而不是一时的流行。所以，见证着永不逝去的流行经典的烟装小礼服，既是每个男人也是每个女人一定要拥有的服装。[编者按]     

Generating value across academic and professional design practice in the Internet of Things

ABSTRACT

This article accounts for how value in design research can be derived from knowledge exchange that occurs through the collaborative discourse of doing design. To demonstrate this point, the article details the arc and impact of a design research collaboration that extended over several years with design practitioners in the field of internet-connected devices. As a result of this ongoing collaborative work, a programmatic set of design ideals and intentions concerning how to construct a more transparent and ethical relationship with technology was shaped. We examine this sustained and transformative collaboration as a series of knowledge exchanges. Within each particular collaborative project, worldviews and knowledge are exchanged among design researchers and practitioners, enabling them to traverse ‘through practices’ of academic and professional design. To unpack these exchanges and how they built and fed into each other, the article examines how collaboration unfolded and produced value on two levels: first on the scale of the academics and practitioners directly involved in a project; and secondly on the scale of the larger international community of design practitioners concerned with Internet-connected devices, with whom we had shared our work.     

Experimental approaches to the wetting transition with helium films

Alkali metal surfaces have been suggested not to be wetted by helium at zero temperature. Several experiments have been realized to check if these surfaces, as well as other weak binding substrates, indeed exhibits this particularly interesting property at any finite temperature.Although works are still in progress, essential results are (i) substrates non wetted by helium films do exist (ii) prewetting jumps from low to high coverage have been observed for weakly wetted ones (iii) the consequences of substrate roughness and chemical impurities are suspected to be important and remain to be assessed. These results are reviewed and discussed. Applications of those substrates for both³He and⁴He isotopes are considered.Unité de recherche de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure et de l'Université Pierre et Mavie Curie, associé au CNRS (URA 18).     

Recall latency following pure- and mixed-strength lists: A direct test of the relative strength model of free recall.

Strong items (e.g., those studied for a longer period of time) are not recalled faster than weak items in pure-strength lists. Although counterintuitive, this result is consistent with a relative strength model of free recall. In mixed-strength lists, by contrast, the relative strength model requires that strong items be recalled significantly faster than weak items. A considerable body of recent research on this issue suggests that, if anything, the opposite may be true. Four experiments reported here measured free-recall latency following pure- and mixed-strength lists. Recall latency for strong items was consistently shorter than that for weak items, but in mixed lists only. Moreover, as uniquely predicted by a relative strength model, in mixed lists, strong items were recalled more quickly than items from a pure-strength list of the same size, and weak items were recalled more slowly by a corresponding amount. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)