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51.
Reviews the book, Reinventing government by David Osborn and Ted Gaebler (1992). This is a "must read" book for any consultant who works with or for government. The focus is on how government operates, the means of governing. Osborn and Gaebler point out that government cannot be run like a business, because they are fundamentally different institutions; their missions, motives and procedures being quite opposite. However, the differences between them do not mean that government cannot be more entrepreneurial, and that idea gets to the heart of the book. Control needs to be replaced by flexibility and adaptability. This can only happen if the environment is characterized by "entrepreneurship", which means "shifting economic resources out of an area of lower productivity into an area of higher productivity and greater yield". The authors propose 10 principles of new government, and the meat of the book is found in the ten chapters which expand on these ideas and offer a variety of examples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
52.
Describes 2 experiments in which female albino Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24 each) drank a flavored solution for 1/2 hr. After a variable delay interval, Ss were allowed to choose for 15 min between the same solution and a differently flavored one. Ss drank more of the different solution after delays up to 4-6 hr. This result demonstrates spontaneous alternation for tastes, and confirms the long memory span previously observed in gustatory-visceral conditioning. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
53.
The mass spectra of homologous series of long chain alk-1-enyl ether esters and alkyl ether esters of short chain diols were determined, and general patterns of fragmentation were established. Both types of diol lipids yielded ions characteristic of the alkoxy or alk-1-enyloxy moiety and the acyl moiety, as well as ions indicative of the constituent short chain diol. Prominent ions were formed from both types of ether esters due to the loss of the alkoxy or alk-1-enyloxy moieties giving rise to ions for which cyclic structures are proposed. High resolution mass spectrometry and deuterium labeling techniques were used to verify the composition of ions and to substantiate fragmentation mechanisms. This is part VII in the series “Naturally Occurring Diol Lipids” (part VI is Reference 1) and part VIII in the series “Mass Spectrometry of Lipids” (part VII is Reference 23).  相似文献   
54.
Regional myocardial specific blood flow (regional specific flow) was measured at rest and during contrast hyperemia after the intracoronary injection of xenon-133. The changes in regional specific flow were transient, resulting in some compromise in one of the underlying restraints of the inert gas washout method, namely, the presence of a steady state. Therefore, to determine the clinical utility of this technique, regional specific flow values obtained with this method were correlated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease as assessed from the coronary arteriogram and left ventriculogram. Regional specific flow during contrast hyperemia was 186+/- 11 (mean +/- 1 standard error of the mean) ml/min per 100 g in control patients and 115+/-5 in patients with coronary artery disease. There was an inverse relation between regional specific flow during contrast hyperemia and the percent coronary stenosis when the stenosis was 40 percent or greater (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001). Regional specific flow was significantly less in patients with asynergy (77 +/- 10 ml/min per 100 g) than in patients with normal ventricular function (105 +/- 5) distal to coronary stenoses of greater than 75 percent. Thus regional specific flow measured during contrast hyperemia using the xenon washout technique and the Anger camera differentiated patients with normal coronary arteriograms from those with coronary artery disease. With this technique, good correlation was shown between regional specific flow and the percent coronary stenosis and presence of ventricular wall abnormalities. The information obtained with this method may provide prognostic information concerning suitability for surgical intervention.  相似文献   
55.
Beef and pork testes, graafian follicles and the residual ovaries were extracted and the lipids from each were separated into lipid classes by thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acids from each class were analyzed as their methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. The lipids from the reproductive tissues were found to be relatively rich in polyunsaturated acids, many of which did not correspond to the more commonly encountered unsaturated acids. These less familiar acids were identified by comparing their chromatographic characteristics with standards of established composition. The polyunsaturated acids of lipids of the reproductive tissues examined are predominantly of the linoleate family. Only in the phospholipids of ovarian tissues did the linolenate family of acids reach high proportions of the total polyunsaturates. Nine members of the linoleate family were identified in the lipids of reproductive tissues. Five higher metabolites of oleate were identified as normal components of these tissues. Diglycerides were found as a significant lipid class only in testis tissue. The diglycerides and cholesteryl esters of beef testis contain tetracosatetraenoic acid as major fatty acids. The triglycerides of reproductive tissues are notably rich in polyunsaturated acids. In the study, 16 polyunsaturated acids were identified by ozonolysis-reduction and several others were tentatively identified by retention time data. Two acids, previously unreported, are 10,13,16-docosatrienoic acid and 9,12,15,18-tetracosatetraenoic acid. Presented in part at the First World Fat Congress, Hamburg, October, 1964, and at the meeting of American Oil Chemists’ Society, October, 1964.  相似文献   
56.
57.
The directed interesterification process has been put into successful factory use on lard shortenings. This process increases the fraction of high melting solids (trisaturated glycerides) and decreases the fraction of intermediate melting glycerides (disaturated glycerides) in lard. This change in glyceride composition allows the following advantages to be realized in lard shortenings:
  1. an improved plastic range for any given level of oxidative stability, meaning less variation in softness and creaming properties from cold to warm temperatures, achieved without the use of relatively expensive hardstock (completely hydrogenated fat);
  2. an improved uniformity from a variable raw material, and a flexibility that makes possible a wider selection of raw materials; and
  3. an overall performance equivalent to the premium vegetable shortenings.
  相似文献   
58.
Summary The interference of certain unsaturated hydroxy acids in the Durbetaki method of epoxide determination has been demonstrated. The concentrations of these constituents were determined concurrently with those of epoxy components by measurement of the near infrared spectra of samples before and after treatment with anhydrous ethereal hydrogen chloride. The individual hydroxy esters were separated and isolated from samples of mixed esters by thinlayer chromatography. GLC of these esters resulted in their alteration to conjugated trienoates and gave proof of their conjugated diene hydroxyl structure. Thin-layer chromatographic and infrared studies verified theTrans-trans diene unsaturation of the acid fromDimorphotheca aurantiaca oil and showed that the other hydroxy compounds examined have acistrans diene system. These data suggest that the seed oils ofArtemisia absinthium, Calliandra eriophylla, Balanites aegyptica, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Helianthus annuus contain 9-hydroxy-trans-10-cis-12- and 13-hydroxy-cis-9-trans-11-octadecadienoic acids. Supported by grants from The Hormel Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (Research Grant No. H-3559), and presented in part at the 33rd fall meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Los Angeles, Calif., September 28–30, 1959. Fulbright Scholar to the Hormel Institute, 1958–1960.  相似文献   
59.
Mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and California five-spined ips,Ips paraconfusus Lanier, were reared axenically from surface-sterilized eggs on aseptic pine phloem. After 24 hr in host logs, axenip femaleD. ponderosae and maleI. paraconfusus produced the aggregation pheromones,trans-verbenol (D. ponderosae), and ipsenol and ipsdienol (I. paraconfusus). Emergent, axenically reared maleD. ponderosae contained normal amounts of the pheromoneexo-brevicomin. Axenic femaleD. ponderosae treated with juvenile hormone or exposed to vapors of -pinene, produced the pheromonetrans-verbenol. By 25–35 days after eclosion, axenic females exposed to -pinene vapors produced over six times as muchtrans-verbenol as wild females, suggesting that while microorganisms in wild females may producetrans-verbenol, they may also inhibit production of the pheromone or use it as a substrate.Research supported in part by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada, Operating Grants A3881 and A3706, and H.R. MacMillan Family Fund Fellowships to J.E. Conn and D.W.A. Hunt.  相似文献   
60.
Mass spectra of several triglycerides of specific structure or with specific deuterium labeling have been measured with a low resolution mass spectrometer. With saturated triglycerides the abundances of ions characteristic of the component acids, [M-RCO2]+, increase with increasing chain length, and [M-RCO2CH2]+ decrease with increasing chain length. Unsaturation in the acyl moiety causes the abundant formation of [RCO-1]+. Structures have been suggested for a number of the main peaks obtained from saturated triglycerides, and high resolution spectra of one triglyceride agree with the postulated structures. The peaks, [RCO+74]+, [RCO+115]+ and [RCO+128+14n]+, represent structures which contain the glyceryl portion of the triglyceride, since in case of the replacement of its hydrogens with deuteriums, these peaks are shifted accordingly. Evidence which indicates the possibility of determining the location of unsaturation by the interruption of homology of the [RCO+128+14n]+ series, brought about by the addition of deuterium to the unsaturated linkages, is introduced. Further evidence is also presented, which indicates that the [M-RCO2CH2]+ ions arise from the positions 1 and 3 and, in agreement with earlier studies from other laboratories, it is thus possible to identify the acyl groups attached to the 1 and 2 positions of the glyceryl moiety. Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970. Part V of a series on Mass Spectrometry of Lipids. For IV see Lipids 4:421–427 (1969).  相似文献   
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