Approximating multirate estimation

A scheme of approximating high rate estimates by low rate estimates using a filter bank is derived. The dimensions of the low rate measurement models are the same as the high rate measurement model and, due to the lowpass filtering effect of the filter bank, better approximated estimates are obtained     

LAN emulation on an ATM network

The authors evaluate architecture alternatives relating to the provision of a LAN emulation service over a connection-oriented ATM network, and present the LAN emulation architecture as actually adopted by the ATM Forum LANE SWG. The role of servers is discussed as is the provision of broadcast/multicast services     

Inverse scattering method for one-dimensional inhomogeneous lossymedium by using a microwave networking technique

The formulation of reflection coefficients from an inhomogeneous lossy medium illuminated by TE and TM waves is approximately derived, in closed form, by using a microwave network method. From the formulation, a novel inverse scattering scheme to reconstruct simultaneously the permittivity and conductivity profiles, is proposed. This scheme is suitable for both continuous and discontinuous profiles, under both the weak scattering and strong scattering conditions. It has also been shown that when the conductivity of the medium equals zero, the reconstructed result of this scheme will reduce to the one formulated by Ladouceur and Jordan (1985). Numerical and closed-form reconstruction examples show the validity of the scheme     

Improved Hydrogen Production of Au–Pt–CdS Hetero‐Nanostructures by Efficient Plasmon‐Induced Multipathway Electron Transfer

The design of new functional materials with excellent hydrogen production activity under visible‐light irradiation has critical significance for solving the energy crisis. A well‐controlled synthesis strategy is developed to prepare an Au–Pt–CdS hetero‐nanostructure, in which each component of Au, Pt, and CdS has direct contact with the other two materials; Pt is on the tips and a CdS layer along the sides of an Au nanotriangle (NT), which exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production under light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The sequential growth and surfactant‐dependent deposition produce the three‐component Au–Pt–CdS hybrids with the Au NT acting as core while Pt and CdS serve as a co‐shell. Due to the presence of the Au NT cores, the Au–Pt–CdS nanostructures possess highly enhanced light‐harvesting and strong local‐electric‐field enhancement. Moreover, the intimate and multi‐interface contact generates multiple electron‐transfer pathways (Au to CdS, CdS to Pt and Au to Pt) which guide photoexcited electrons to the co‐catalyst Pt for an efficient hydrogen reduction reaction. By evaluating the hydrogen production rate when aqueous Na₂SO₃–Na₂S solution is used as sacrificial agent, the Au–Pt–CdS hybrid exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity that is about 2.5 and 1.4 times larger than those of CdS/Pt and Au@CdS/Pt, respectively.     

A Universal Platform for Macromolecular Deliveryinto Cells Using Gold Nanoparticle Layers via the Photoporation Effect

Although promising, it is challenging to develop a simple and universal method for the high‐efficiency delivery of biomacromolecules into diverse cells. Here, a universal delivery platform based on gold nanoparticle layer (GNPL) surfaces is proposed. Upon laser irradiation, GNPL surfaces show such good photothermal properties that absorption of the laser energy causes a rapid increase in surface temperature, leading to enhanced membrane permeability of the cultured cells and the diffusion of macromolecules into the cytosol from the surrounding medium. The high‐efficiency delivery of different macromolecules such as dextran and plasmid DNA into different cell types is achieved, including hard‐to‐transfect mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), while cell viability is well maintained under optimized irradiation conditions. The platform vastly outperforms the leading commercial reagent, Lipofectamine 2000, especially in transfecting hard‐to‐transfect cell lines (plasmid transfection efficiency: ≈53% vs ≈19% for mEFs and ≈44% vs ≈8% for HUVECs). Importantly, as the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) constituting the GNPL are firmly immobilized together, the potential cytotoxicity caused by endocytosis of GNPs is effectively avoided. This platform is reliable, efficient, and cost‐effective with high‐throughput and broad applicability across different cell types, opening up an innovative avenue for high‐efficiency intracellular delivery.     

气溶胶及能见度变化对标准大气中远红外传输的影响分析

红外制导系统发现、识别和跟踪目标主要依据背景、目标物辐射特性和对比特性信息。气溶胶及其能见度变化是大气环境中影响红外辐射传输的主要因素之一。以标准大气为例,开展了气溶胶及其能见度变化对中、远红外光谱区间（3～5mm,8～12mm）大气透过率和目标背景对比度的影响分析,重点分析了标准大气中相同能见度不同气溶胶类型及同气溶胶类型不同能见度对中远红外传输特性的影响。结果显示：大气透过率对目标背景对比度的理论计算值有重要影响。在其他大气条件既定情况下,气溶胶及其能见度变化对两波段的透过特性和目标识别效果影响明显,且以8～12mm波段的好于3～5mm的。同能见度不同气溶胶类型下的透过率和目标背景对比度差异较大,需要考虑气溶胶的影响。在中远红外区间,3.4～4.2mm和9.5～12mm波段内的透过率和目标背景对比度平均值相对较大,变化振幅小,可作为武器使用理想波段加以选择应用。     

LTE系统物理广播信道解码算法分析与优化

本文首先介绍了下行广播信道编码过程和PBCH的信道结构,以及PBCH解码的必要性,然后结合PBCH的结构特点,提出一种离线buffer数据的方式;该方案以平衡PBCH解码的可靠性和有效性为目标,将一帧的数据多次利用,在有限的一帧时间内进行多种可能情况的盲检测尝试。最后对该算法的虚警误检概率进行仿真分析,并根据分析结果提出优化方案,该优化方案虽然降低了解码的有效性,但是明显的提高了解码的可靠性,而且在降低PBCH解码虚警误检概率的同时提高系统的鲁棒性。     

1 kW全光纤激光器实验研究

研究了输出功率1 kW的连续全光纤激光器的实现方法。采用双端泵浦单谐振腔方式,通过优化增益光纤及光纤光栅参数,实现了工作波长1.08μm,最大输出功率1.03 kW的全光纤连续激光输出,光-光转换效率74.6%,斜效率75%。输出功率为272 W时光束质量M2x=1.39,M2y=1.43。分析了光束质量变差的原因,认为在高功率下光纤光栅、合束器及熔点导致原先在纤芯中传输的激光部分被泄露到包层中,在包层中传输的激光使光束质量变差。提出了进一步改进的方法。     

基于EDA的机会监听中继选择的改进机制

机会监听中继选择机制结合了中继间监听与机会选择,可以充分利用重传机制进一步降低误包率.然而其忽视监听信道和低适应性的不足,使得该机制在某些场景中不能发挥长处.因此,提出了基于分布估计算法的改进方案,使得改进后的机制不仅考虑了监听信道对于中继选择的影响,还具备了不断自我优化的学习性能.通过仿真验证后表明,提出的方案可以进一步提升系统的性能,还具有很强的自适应能力.     

Multicast capacity and delay trade‐offs in ad hoc networks with random iid mobility model

In this paper, multicast capacity and delay trade‐offs of mobile ad hoc networks are considered under random independently and identically distributed (iid) mobility model. Compared with unicast, multicast can reduce the overall network load by a factor with high probability (whp) in static random ad hoc networks, where k is the number of destination nodes in a multicast session. So we firstly discuss whether the law still holds in mobile random ad hoc networks, and in this case what delay should be tolerated. Through the relation between average retransmissions and multicast capacity, we prove that order of multicast capacity is not achievable whp, and delay for multicast capacity is , where is the number of ad hoc nodes in the whole networks, and and c is a positive constant. Then achievable throughput whp is considered. The nearest neighbor transmission strategy is introduced by Grossglauser and Tse to achieve throughput which is so far the highest achievable unicast capacity. So the multicast capacity of mobile ad hoc networks under this strategy is studied. The analysis shows that under any multicast routing scheme based on the nearest neighbor transmission strategy, the upper bound on multicast capacity is whp. Then we propose a multicast routing and scheduling scheme by which mobile ad hoc networks can achieve throughput whp, and must tolerate total network delay. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.