Influencing mechanism and interaction of muscovite on thermal decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate

The interaction mechanism and phase evolution of ammonium polyphosphate(APP)mixed with muscovite(APP/muscovite)were studied by TG,XRD and SEM,respectively,during heating.When the temperature is not higher than 300 ℃,muscovite has no effect on the thermaldecomposition of APP,and the initialdecomposition temperature of APP/muscovite at 283 ℃ is basically the same as the APP at 295 ℃,and the main thermaldecomposition products are polyphosphoric acid and NH_4H_2PO_4 at 300 ℃.The polyphosphoric acid,the decomposition products of APP,can enable K and Siout of muscovite and interact with muscovite chemically to generate Al_2O_3·2SiO_2,α-SiO_2 and phosphates(AlPO_4 and K_5P_3O_(10))compounds during 400 ℃-800 ℃,which own obvious adhesive phenomenon and porous structure with the apparent porosity of 58.4%.Further reactions between phosphates other than reactions among Al_2O_3·2SiO_2 and α-SiO_2 can generate KAlP_2O_7 at 1 000 ℃ and the density of residualproduct is improved by low melting point phosphate filling pore to form relatively dense structure and decrease the apparent porosity to 44.4%.The flame resistant and self-supported ceramic materials are expected to enhance the fire-retarding synergistic effect between APP and muscovite.     

尺度自适应结构输出目标跟踪算法

针对目标尺度明显变化时采用固定尺度的结构输出目标跟踪算法容易出现跟踪失败的问题,提出一种改进的尺度自适应目标跟踪算法。新算法在传统结构输出跟踪算法基础上,将目标运动信息引入候选样本采集过程,通过自举滤波器的状态转移模型预测目标的当前位置和尺度,生成一组多尺度候选样本集,避免了固定尺度的密集均匀采样,实现尺度自适应的同时降低了算法的计算量。实验结果表明,所提算法在目标发生明显尺度变化、部分遮挡以及旋转等情况下具有较高的鲁棒性,且实时性相比于传统结构输出跟踪算法明显提高。     

Electrochemical behavior of magnolol on FeWO<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoflower modified carbon paste electrode

In order to establish a simple, sensitive, and fast reliable detection method to determine the magnolol, FeWO₄ nanoflower was synthesised through a solvothermal technique and FeWO₄ nanoflower modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. The voltammetric behavior of magnolol on the modified electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results showed that the modified electrode remarkably enhanced the electrochemical response of the magnolol and exhibited a wide linear range for determination of the magnolol from 1.0×10^-7 to 1.0×10^-4 mol/L with a low detection limit of 5.0×10^-8 mol/L.     

Effect of corrosive solutions on C-S-H microstructure in portland cement paste with fly ash

By means of ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) combined with deconvolution technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray system(EDX), the effect of 5 wt% corrosive solutions (viz. 5 wt% Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, Na2SO4+NaCl and Na₂SO₄+NaCl+Na₂CO₃) on C-S-H microstructure in Portland cement containing 30 wt% fly ash was investigated.The results show that, in MgSO₄ solution, Mg²⁺ promotes the decalcification of C-S-H by SO ₄ ^2- ,increasing silicate tetrahedra polymerization and mean chain length (MCL) of C-S-H. However, the substituting degree of Al³⁺ for Si⁴⁺ (Al[4]/Si) in the paste does not change evidently. Effect of Na²SO⁴ solution on C-S-H is not significantly influenced by NaCl solution, while the MCL and Al[4]/Si of C-S-H in fly ashcement paste slightly change. However, the decalcification of C-S-H by SO ₄ ^2- and CO ₃ ^2- attack, as well as the activation of fly ash by SO ₄ ^2- attack will increase the MCL and Al[4]/Si, which are both higher than that under Na₂SO₄ corrosion, MgSO₄ or Na₂SO₄ +NaCl coordination corrosion.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of semisolid Sn-52Bi alloy

The effects of ultrasonic vibration temperature on the microstructure of semisolid Sn-52 Bi alloy and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties are improved obviously after the ultrasonic treatment. Nearly round and uniformly distributed primary Sn phase particles were obtained under the cavitation and acoustic streaming caused by ultrasonic treatment. The best effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties were obtained with the ultrasonic vibration for 120 s at 140 ℃. The elongation of semisolid Sn-52 Bi alloy treated by ultrasonic vibration for 120 s at 140 ℃ was 42% and increased by 156.09% compared to conventional liquid casting Sn-52 Bi alloy without ultrasonic vibration. It is a feasible and effective method to adopt the semisolid metal forming technology assisted with ultrasonic vibration to improve the ductility of Sn-Bi alloys.     

高心墙堆石坝蓄水变形和裂缝机理分析

我国高堆石坝建设正处于高潮期,其中高心墙堆石坝的坝高已达300 m级。结合实际监测资料的坝体变形分析对大坝变形机理的研究和工程设计具有重要的指导意义。结合某电站大坝的实际监测资料,分析初蓄水坝体各部位变形的变化趋势,并就此得出初蓄水对坝体变形的影响区域,分析了各部位变形的影响机理和坝体裂缝发生的机理及发生过程,并利用有限元方法进行了蓄水变形及裂缝的验证。     

基于车身侧视线条分析的汽车造型设计研究

为构建一种直观、快速分析交通工具造型设计的方法,对车身侧面线条进行提炼并归纳出3类关键曲线,即外轮廓线、分形线、内部分割线。结合奥迪A系4款车型,重点讨论外轮廓线与分形线的设计应用,通过外轮廓线定义车型、通过分形线表达设计定位、通过内部分割线完善车身细节。以一款车型设计为例,初步证明了该分析方法的合理性和可行性,结果表明:侧视线条分析是一种符合设计人员思维习惯的有效方法。     

中国南北过渡带干旱时空变化

为识别中国南北过渡带的干旱状况,利用研究区内1960-2015年32个气象站逐月降水量和月平均气温等资料,计算每个站点的逐月综合气象干旱指数CI,并利用累积距平法等分析中国南北过渡带干旱变化情况。结果表明:就时间变化而言,干旱强度、干旱历时以及不同等级的干旱发生频率随时间均呈上升趋势,并且,轻旱在所有等级干旱中占比最重,为55.6%;就季节变化而言,干旱的发生具有季节性规律,春旱的强度最大,且历时较长,夏旱最易发生,秋旱的发生频率总体呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在20世纪90年代达到最大值,冬旱的历时值最短;就空间变化而言,研究区内北部相对干旱,南部相对湿润,武都地区和研究区内的河南地区最为干旱,甘肃南部反而是整个研究区最湿润的地区。     

Alignment control for a long span urban rail-transit cable-stayed bridge considering dynamic train loads

In this paper, bridge alignment control with considering dynamic train loads was experimentally and theoretically investigated. Analytical process of bridge dynamics and the self-adaptive Kalman filter bridge alignment control method with considering the dynamic train loads were briefly introduced. The static measurement, the dynamic test, the field alignment measurement as well as the finite element analysis (FEA) of the second longest rail transit cable-stayed bridge in the world were carried out. Based on the results, the train dynamic load effect on the bridge alignment was obtained quantitatively. Subsequently, alignment control of the rail transit bridge with considering this effect using a self-adaptive Kalman filter method was analyzed. The results show that: (a) the dynamic train loads have effects on alignment control of the bridge and therefore cannot be neglected; (b) the self-adaptive Kalman filter method is applicable and reliable for alignment control of bridges during construction. The analytical method and whole process contribute to develop a related specification and further engineering applications.     

Multi-species particle swarms optimization based on orthogonal learning and its application for optimal design of a butterfly-shaped patch antenna

A new multi-species particle swarm optimization with a two-level hierarchical topology and the orthogonal learning strategy(OMSPSO) is proposed, which enhances the global search ability of particles and increases their convergence rates. The numerical results on 10 benchmark functions demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Then, the proposed algorithm is presented to design a butterfly-shaped microstrip patch antenna. Combined with the HFSS solver, a butterfly-shaped patch antenna with a bandwidth of about 40.1% is designed by using the proposed OMSPSO. The return loss of the butterfly-shaped antenna is greater than 10 d B between 4.15 and 6.36 GHz. The antenna can serve simultaneously for the high-speed wireless computer networks(5.15–5.35 GHz) and the RFID systems(5.8 GHz).