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41.
The absorption of gas through the plume eye and of an injected gas in a steelmaking ladle process was investigated, using
a physical model of CO2 absorption into a NaOH solution. The results show that the inert gas escaping through the plume eye is ineffective in protecting
the bath from the atmosphere, and placing an oil layer (simulated slag) decreases the absorption rate significantly. Increasing
the flow rate of the inert gas not only exposes more of the liquid surface to the CO2 atmosphere, but also increases the mass transfer coefficient at the surface. The overall mass transfer between an injected
CO2 gas and NaOH solution includes the mass transfer through the surface of the bath as well as the mass transfer in the bubble
dispersion zone. The difference between the mass transfer in the bubble dispersion zone and the overall mass transfer was
found to be significant for relatively low gas flow rates. The mass transfer coefficient of CO2 in the bubble dispersion zone was estimated using available information regarding the bubble size and velocity. Mass transfer
coefficient estimated for the constant bubble frequency regime shows a dependence on gas flow rate. However, if a constant
characteristic size of bubbles is assumed as an alternative approach, the mass transfer coefficient is independent of the
gas flow rate. 相似文献
42.
43.
44.
Seungsoo Kim Hyunchol Shin 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2008,18(10):701-703
A wideband complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) semidynamic frequency divide-by-3 covering more than two octave bandwidths is presented. The wideband operation without requiring a quadrature signal source is realized by employing a three-stage RC polyphase filter. The transfer function analysis on Type-II two- and three-stage polyphase filters is performed to provide analytic solutions of the peak phase error and peak attenuation. Implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS, the divide-by-3 operates over the input frequency range between 0.6 and 2.7 GHz while dissipating 15 mA from a 1.8 V supply. 相似文献
45.
Shinsook Yoon Mi-Kyoung Kim In-Young Lee Mikyung Yun Jeong E. Nam Shin 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2008,14(6):759-764
We have developed a mutant strain derived from Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31750, which produces a water-soluble polysaccharide having potential utility to the food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A high concentration of product (15 g/L) is obtained by 48 h cultivation of the mutant strain under optimized fermentation conditions. The water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from cultures of the mutant strain beta82 has Glc:Man:Gal in approximate molar ratios of 5.8:6.7:1.0. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide was determined to be approximately 1000 kDa by HPSEC analysis. Linkage analysis contained 3-Glcp, 3-Manp, terminal Glcp and terminal Manp, as well as a small proportion of 3- and 3,4-Galp, and 4,6-Manp residues. Based on analyses using FT-IR and 13C NMR spectrometers, most glycosidic bonds joining these sugar residues are of the α-type, and acetyl groups are apparently attached to the polymer chain at random. 相似文献
46.
Young Sil Jeon Jing Lei Ji-Heung Kim 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2008,14(6):726-731
This study examined the removal of some basic dyes, such as Methylene Blue, Malachite Green and Methyl Orange, using alginate or alginate/polyaspartate composite gel beads. The adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions at 25 °C was examined using a batch sorption technique. The effects of CaCl2 and the dye concentration on the adsorption were examined. Type-S adsorption isotherms were obtained, which is characteristic of a weak solute–solid interaction. The ionic interaction between the dye molecule and gel matrix appears to be responsible for the efficient adsorption of cationic dyes in this system. These results suggest that an alginate/polyaspartate gel can be used as an effective sorbent for water pollutants such as dyes, and the immobilization of these organic contaminants in the hydrogels from wastewater can solve one of the most important environmental problems in the related industry. 相似文献
47.
Injun Lee Taeseong Jung Junggi Kim Suho Ro Chulsu Kim Yeji Lee Youngmi Kim Juhyun Lee Misook Kang 《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2008,14(6):869-873
This study focuses on the relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO2. The Si-incorporated TiO2 particles exhibited a pure structure of anatase having a particle size of less than 20 nm and surface area of more than 190 m2/g. The absorbance did not shift to a higher wavelength in spite of the incorporation of the Si ions, but the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) curve was the smallest in the case of the 2.0 mol% Si-TiO2, which was related to the recombination between the excited electrons and holes. Based on these results, the photodecomposition of methyl orange in the liquid reaction was enhanced over the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO2 compared with that over pure TiO2: Methyl orange at 10.0 ppm was completely decomposed after 100 min when 1.0 g of the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO2 was used. 相似文献
48.
Steensgaard J. Zhiqing Zhang Wenhuan Yu Sarhegyi A. Lucchese L. Dae-Ik Kim Temes G.C. 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2008,55(5):1289-1296
Incremental data converters (IDCs) are useful in instrumentation and measurement applications, where low-frequency analog signals need to be converted into digital form with high accuracy and low power dissipation. They are particularly well suited for applications where a single analog-digital converter is multiplexed between many channels. This paper proposes an exact design methodology for IDCs, which optimizes the signal-to-noise ratio of the converter under practical design constraints. The process also allows the designer to apportion the noise budget in an arbitrary manner between thermal and quantization noise. The design process is illustrated by an example which describes the optimization of a third-order multiplexed IDC. 相似文献
49.
Xiaojun Xie Yonghong Cheng Hong Wang Qian Wang Xiaolin Chen Caixin Sun 《Ceramics International》2008,34(4):689-693
In the ideal A2B2O6O′ pyrochlore structure, the x-value of O atom position is a variable parameter. In Bi1.5ZnNb1.5−xTaxO7 (BZNT) cubic pyrochlores, the x-values alter with the different compositions of Nb/Ta. In this work, a series of initial models for BZNT were established by analyzing X-ray diffraction data. Then three structure modifying methods, including Rietveld refinement, Rietveld refinement with energy and geometry optimization based on quantum mechanics, were employed to obtain the precise models using Materials Studio. Moreover, the reflectivities of BZNT were computed by quantum mechanical simulation based on the refined models. Comparing the simulation results from different modifying models with the experimental results, it is found that Rietveld refinement with energy optimization is the most accurate method for BZNT pyrochlores. According to the simulation results, the different reflectivities correspond well with various x-values of O atom positions in BZNT pyrochlores. 相似文献
50.
In polyolefin processes the melt index (MI) is the most important control variable indicating product quality. Because of
the difficulty in the on-line measurement of MI, a lot of MI estimation and correlation methods have been proposed. In this
work a new dynamic MI estimation scheme is developed based on system identification techniques. The empirical MI estimation
equation proposed in the present study is derived from the 1
st
-order dynamic models. Effectiveness of the present estimation scheme was illustrated by numerical simulations based on plant
operation data including grade change operations in high density polyethylene (HDPE) processes. From the comparisons with
other estimation methods it was found that the proposed estimation scheme showed better performance in MI predictions. The
virtual sensor model developed based on the estimation scheme was combined with the virtual on-line analyzer (VOA) to give
a quality control system to be implemented in the actual HDPE plant. From the application of the present control system, significant
reduction of transition time and the amount of off-spec during grade changes was achieved 相似文献