Method of Determining Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Soils from Results of Deep Impression of Rod Plates

The possibility of determining strength and deformation characteristics of soils under field conditions using rod plates is discussed. The mutual relationship between these characteristics is established from results of deep impression of these rods.     

屈曲约束支撑极限承载力研究方法探讨

屈曲约束支撑极限承载力的研究方法目前集中在试验和理论分析方面,这些技术都是基于对实际结构进行大量的假设和简化,但简化和假设很难完全符合实际,特别是对于支撑的约束条件以及初始缺陷等会影响结构极限承载力的因素。提出用有限元技术来研究初始几何缺陷对屈曲约束支撑极限承载力的影响,以其与试验和理论相佐证。     

Relations of calculated and actual settlement of a thawing foundation bed

Conclusions 1. The dependence of relative compression of thawing soil on pressure is nonlinear, and it is in agreement with views on the nature of deformation of thawing soil. A dominance of natural pressure in the total load on a foundation bed permits one to use the method of unit summation in calculating settlement of nonlinearly deformable soil. Such calculations, as compared with the linear formulas employed in SNiP, give better agreement with actual settlement.2. In calculating settlement of thawing foundation beds, we need differential consideration of soil compressibility with depth, since the combination of genetic features of frozen ground and the increasing natural pressure with depth may create a different inhomogeneity in the foundation bed.Yakutniproalmaz, Mirnyi. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 1, pp. 18–21, January–February, 1975.     

某综合楼的基础设计

介绍了某综合楼工程概况及地质勘察结果 ,针对其地质情况 ,阐述了在对地基基础设计时须解决的三个问题 ,并提出了相应的解决办法 ,经沉降观测 ,商住楼使用良好     

Complexation of organic compounds in the presence of Al3+ during micellar flocculation

Complexes of Al and model pollutants phenol, benzoic acid, 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-DB (2,4-dichlorophenoxybutiric acid) play a key role in the removal of organic pollutants by co-adsorption on micelles of anionic surfactants flocculated by means of Al(3+). This technique, known as adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF), is related to removal of organic compounds by coagulation-precipitation with Al and Fe salts. Some of the stoichiometries found (6Al:1L and higher, with "L" the organic compound) indicate that complexes of a cationic nature form in the presence of high excesses of Al, possibly polyaluminium complexes related to the species [Al(13)O(4)(OH)(24)](7+). In the case of phenol it has been established by spectroscopic measures that in the range of [Al(2)(SO(4))(3)](tot) between 5 x 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-4)M and [phenol](tot) between 10(-3) and 6 x 10(-3)M complexes exist at pH as low as 2.4. The results show that AMF may be explained by the chemisorption of molecules of organic compounds able to incorporate into the polyaluminic complexes occurring within the Stern layer of flocculating micelles.     

Analysis and jointing of polygonal road slabs

Conclusions 1. For anlaysis of circular (polygona) slabs which can be included in the category of absolutely rigid slabs, a practical approximate method of analysis has been developed and experimentally verified which permits determining the bending moments under centrally and eccentrically applied loads acting over a small circular area, as well as at any other points in the slab beyond the limits of the loaded area.2. Monolithic bonding of hexagonal road slabs up to 3–4 m² in area designed for the N-30 load results in increased design bending moments and, consequently, in thicker pavements. For these slabs it is expedient to use nonrigid joints, which do not transmit bending or torsional moments; however, these slabs must be placed on stabilized beds and their joints must be filled with waterproofing mastic.Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 5, pp. 19–22, September–October, 1974.     

Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor

The rheological and fractal characteristics of the granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were investigated in this study. The influences of sludge concentration and temperature on the rheological properties of the granular sludge were evaluated, and the Bingham model was adopted to describe its rheology. In addition, image analysis was used to determine the sludge fractal dimension. The results indicate that the UASB granular sludge showed a shear-thinning behavior. The relationships between the limiting viscosity and the sludge concentration, as well as the limiting viscosity and temperature could be respectively modeled using an exponential equation and Arrhenius equation well. The Bingham model was able to adequately describe the rheology of the granular sludge. The fractal dimension of the granular sludge, 2.79+/-0.03, was larger than that of some other aggregates, suggesting that the granular sludge were more compact and denser. Furthermore, the relationship between rheological and fractal properties of the granular sludge could be properly described with the model proposed by Shih et al. [1990. Scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal. Phys. Rev. A 42, 4772-4779].     

某制粉车间框架结构混凝土性能检测及分析

通过对面粉厂六层框架结构混凝土性能进行了全面检测，并从施工、原材料、环境、荷载几方面分析了混凝土裂缝产生的原因，提出了框架梁开裂的修补和加固方案。     

Excel在造价工程中的应用

通过简单的实例,介绍了Excel在建筑工程造价中的多种应用,简化了大量繁琐的重复的计算。     

Effects of adding organic materials to an acid sulfate soil on the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings

Acid sulfate soils having a pH of less than 3.5 are widespread in Malaysia. Some of these soils are planted to cocoa, but the yield is reported to be low due to soil infertility related to Al toxicity. Cocoa growth is sensitive to the presence of Al in the soil. To a certain extent, Al toxicity in soils can be reduced by organic matter application and to a greater extent in iron-poor acid sulfate soil. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of various types of organic materials easily available in the country to ameliorate acid sulfate soil infertility for growing cocoa seedlings. The treatments were control (nil), lime (3 t/ha), peat (10% w/w), peat plus green manure (10% w/w), peat plus rice straw (10% w/w), peat plus chicken dung (10% w/w) and peat plus POMS (Palm oil mill sludge) (10% w/w). The growth of cocoa seedlings was affected significantly by the presence of Al in the cocoa tissues. As the amount of Al in the leaves increased, the relative top dry weight of cocoa seedlings decreased. Likewise, the relative plant height was negatively correlated with Al in the leaves. Peat as well as peat in combination with green manure, rice straw, chicken dung or palm oil mill sludge was able to reduce Al toxicity in acid sulfate soil; the highest top dry weight of cocoa seedlings were obtained in the peat plus green manure treatment. The best cocoa seedlings root growth was found for the peat treatment alone. The relative top dry weight of cocoa seedlings was negatively correlated with Al(3+) as well as Al(3+)+Al(OH)(2+)+Al(OH)(2)(+) activity in the soil solution. The critical values for Al(3+) and the combination of Al(3+)+Al(OH)(2+)+Al(OH)(2)(+) activity in the soil solution were 10 microM and 15 microM, respectively.