Widmanstatten Structure of Carbon Steels

The effect of the main factors responsible for the formation of Widmanstatten structure in steel, i.e., the size of austenite grains, the cooling rate, and the chemical composition, is investigated. A generalizing diagram illustrating the susceptibility of steels to formation of Widmanstatten structure is presented as a function of their place in the Fe – C phase diagram. The mechanism of crystallization of Widmanstatten structures is considered.     

Development of electrodialysis process for aluminous solutions

One of the mostly perspective method of scrapping industrial drains is electrodialysis, which is used by us for processing of low concentrated aluminous solutions (g/L: Na2Ototal - 23.2, Na2 O ic - 3.9, Al2O3 -2.7, SO3-5.8), arises by receipting of aluminum hydroxide, which goes to synthesis of aluminum hydroxochloride-high effective new generation coagulant.……     

Nonsteady heat and moisture transfer in capillary-porous colloidal bodies with convective drying

A mathematical model describing the distribution of moisture content in the region of a moist state of capillary-porous colloidal bodies is proposed.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 651–657, October, 1984.     

Probabilities of identity-by-descent patterns in sibships when the parents are not genotyped

An assumption-free algorithm has been applied to compute the probabilities of all possible identity-by-descent (IBD) configurations when the parents have not been genotyped. These probabilities can be used to determine the amount of information that a particular sibship will bring to a nonparametric linkage analysis. It is shown that the number of possible configurations can be extremely large even when the markers are closely spaced and are rather polymorphic. Further, it is not always possible to reduce this number to a manageable one simply by consideration of the relative probabilities of the configurations.     

Polarization holography. 1: A new high-efficiency organic material with reversible photoinduced birefringence

A new organic material for polarization holographic recording--azo-dye methyl-orange, introduced in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)--is fabricated and investigated. It possesses all the good characteristics of the known polarization-sensitive materials--high sensitivity, reversibility, etc.--but excels them substantially in the magnitude of the photoinduced birefringence: delta n > 10(-3). This makes possible the recording of reversible polarization gratings with diffraction efficiency over 30%. Depending on the conditions of production and subsequent mechanical and thermal treatments the layers of methyl orange/PVA may also have intrinsic birefringence. In this paper the results of experimental investigations into the properties of this new material are reported.     

An optimal order numerical quadrature approximation of a planar isoparametric eigenvalue problem on triangular finite element meshes

Abstract This paper deals with a finite element numerical quadrature method. It is applied for a class of second-order self-adjoint elliptic operators defined on a bounded domain in the plane. Isoparametric finite element transformations and triangular Lagrange finite elements are used.We establish the rate of convergence for approximate eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of second-order elliptic eigenvalue problems, obtained by a numerical quadrature finite element approximation. Thus the relationship between possible quadrature formulas and the optimal and almost optimal precision of the method is established. The emphasis of the paper is on the error analysis of the approximate eigenpairs. Numerical results confirming the theory are presented.     

From task parameters to motor synergies: A hierarchical framework for approximately-optimal control of redundant manipulators

We present a hierarchical framework for approximately-optimal control of redundant manipulators. The plant is augmented with a low-level feedback controller, designed to yield input-output behavior that captures the task-relevant aspects of plant dynamics but has reduced dimensionality. This makes it possible to reformulate the optimal control problem in terms of the augmented dynamics, and optimize a high-level feedback controller without running into the curse of dimensionality. The resulting control hierarchy compares favorably to existing methods in robotics. Furthermore we demonstrate a number of similarities to (non-hierarchical) optimal feedback control. Besides its engineering applications, the new framework addresses a key unresolved problem in the neural control of movement. It has long been hypothesized that coordination involves selective control of task parameters via muscle synergies, but the link between these parameters and the synergies capable of controlling them has remained elusive. Our framework provides this missing link.     

Robust statistic for the one-way MANOVA

The Wilks’ Lambda Statistic (likelihood ratio test, LRT) is a commonly used tool for inference about the mean vectors of several multivariate normal populations. However, it is well known that the Wilks’ Lambda statistic which is based on the classical normal theory estimates of generalized dispersions, is extremely sensitive to the influence of outliers. A robust multivariate statistic for the one-way MANOVA based on the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) estimator will be presented. The classical Wilks’ Lambda statistic is modified into a robust one through substituting the classical estimates by the highly robust and efficient reweighted MCD estimates. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the test statistic under various distributions in terms of the simulated significance levels, its power functions and robustness. The power of the robust and classical statistics is compared using size-power curves, for the construction of which no knowledge about the distribution of the statistics is necessary. As a real data application the mean vectors of an ecogeochemical data set are examined.