Synthesis and applications of silicone oil–soluble fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers

Fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers containing polydimethylsiloxane and polyoxyethylene segments were prepared under very mild conditions by the cooligomerizations of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with methacrylate monomers containing the corresponding segments and comonomers such as dimethylacrylamide and acryloylmorpholine. These obtained fluorinated cooligomers exhibited amphipathic characteristics and became soluble in water and common organic solvents. In particular interest, fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers containing polyoxyethylene units were soluble not only in poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (silicone oil) but also in water, including common organic solvents except for hexane. Additionally, these fluorinated cooligomers were able to reduce the surface tension of water and m‐xylene quite effectively, to around 15 and 20 mN/m levels, respectively. In these fluorinated cooligomers, fluoroalkyl end‐capped acryloylmorpholine cooligomers containing polyoxyethylene segments were applicable as a novel emulsifying agent against water and silicone oil. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1467–1476, 2005     

Production and properties of rapidly solidified Al-4.5% Cu alloy powder by the rotating-water-atomization process

Rapidly solidified Al-4.5 wt% Cu powder was produced by the rotating-water-atomization process recently developed by the authors. The particles were not spherical but tear-drop shape. The mean particle size of the powder decreased with increasing rotational speed of the drum and with decreasing nozzle diameter. The dendrite arm spacing of the particles produced was in the range 0.6 to 2.8m. The cooling rate was estimated to range from 10³ to 5×10⁵ K sec^–1. Recrystallization of hot extruded powder material after T6 treatment was remarkably suppressed in the central part, while large fully recrystallized grains were obtained in the cast material extruded under the same conditions. Tensile strength of the powdered material extruded in the range 573 to 723 K was slightly higher than the extruded cast material with little loss in elongation. The surface oxidation was not deleterious to elongation but it was very effective in suppressing recrystallization.     

Dynamics of track/wheel systems on high-speed vehicles

For high speed railway vehicles, we consider a vibiation of flexible track/wheel system It is very important to deal with the complex phenomena of high-speed vehicles that can be occurred in the vertical vibration of the system From a viewpoint of multibody dynamics, this kind of problem needs accurate analysis because the system includes mutual dynamic behaviors of rigid body and flexible body The simulation technique for the complex problems is also discussed We consider the high-speed translation, rail elasticity, elastic supports under the rail and contact rigidity Eigen value analysis is also completed to verify the mechanism of the coupled vertical vibration of the system     

The removal of hexacyanoferrate(II) and (III) ions in dilute aqueous solution by activated carbon

The removal of iron cyano-complex ions [hexacyanoferrate(II) and (III) ions] in a dilute aqueous solution by activated carbon was investigated. The maximum adsorption of iron cyano-complex ions on activated carbon occurred at pH around 3. The hexacyanoferrate(III) ion was more adsorbable than the hexacyanoferrate(II) ion. Activated carbon promoted the oxidation of hexacyanoferrate(II) ion to (III) ion with dissolved oxygen in an acidic solution and the reduction of hexacyanoferrate(III) ion to (II) ion in an alkaline solution. The iron cyano-complex ion adsorbed on activated carbon could be eluted with higher concentrated acidic and alkaline solutions. The degree of elution decreased with an increase in potassium hydroxide concentration, since parts of the iron cyano-complexes on activated carbon were decomposed to form the iron hydroxide and the hexacyanoferrate(II) ion with an alkaline solution. The behavior of iron cyano-complexes in the presence of activated carbon, in the lower pH range (pH < 1) and at higher temperatures (80°C), was discussed.     

Effect of solvent evaporation rate on surface composition in fluoro‐copolymer/acrylate‐copolymer blend films

The relationship between the surface composition and the rate of solvent evaporation (R) in blend films of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoroacetone) (P(VDF‐HFA)) and poly(2‐ethylhexyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐vinyl acetate) (P(2EHA‐AA‐VAc)) has been investigated. P(VDF‐HFA), a low‐surface tension component, was concentrated on the surface when R was relatively high. In contrast, when R was relatively low, P(2EHA‐AA‐VAc), a low‐density component, was concentrated on the surface. Therefore, it is speculated that the factors dominating surface enrichment in polymer blends were changed from surface tension differences to density differences between the components when R was decreased. In addition, the affinity between components and substrate strongly affects the dominant factors determining the surface composition. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Molecular dynamics studies on the structures of polymer electrolyte membranes and diffusion mechanism of protons and small molecules

We performed a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on Nafion^® membranes containing various quantities of H₂O and CH₃OH. The simulations afforded diverse nanoscale phase-separated structures, such as clusters, channels, and cluster–channels. The calculated cluster–channel structure qualitatively agrees with the experimental results of X-ray diffraction studies. We also investigated the diffusion mechanisms for H₂O, protons, CH₃OH, H₂, and O₂ in these membranes. To reproduce the hopping transfer of protons, we employed a semi-classical MD approach using the empirical valence bond method. The estimated diffusion coefficients of H₂O and proton in the membranes significantly depended on the H₂O content, and these values showed qualitatively good agreement with the experimental results. The diffusion coefficient of proton in H₂O-rich membranes was much larger than that of H₂O, and the proton mainly formed H₅O₂⁺ complex. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the majority of CH₃OH permeates through the H₂O clusters, and the majority of H₂ and O₂ permeates through the hydrophobic region of the membrane.     

新型耐酸料的研制

以石英砂、硅酸钠、粘土、硅微粉和水泥为原料制备了新型耐酸料,对比分析了新型耐酸料与传统耐酸料的物理性能及耐酸性能.试样自然干燥24h脱模后,再经110℃烘干24h,分别于500℃和800℃热处理3h.检测各温度下热处理后试样的体积密度、线变化率、抗折强度、耐压强度以及耐酸性能.研究结果表明:新型耐酸料与传统耐酸料的性能相当.对环境无污染,可部分替代传统耐酸料进行应用.     

热处理温度对焦宝石基喷涂料性能的影响

以焦宝石颗粒及细粉为主要原料,以硅微粉、铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,研究了不同热处理温度对焦宝石基喷涂料性能的影响。结果表明,随着热处理温度的提高,焦宝石基喷涂料的体积密度无明显变化,线变化率随热处理温度的提高而增大。焦宝石基喷涂料的抗折强度和耐压强度随着热处理温度的提高呈现先减小后增大的趋势。     

Continuously Frequency Tunable High Power Sub-THz Radiation Source—Gyrotron FU CW VI for 600 MHz DNP-NMR Spectroscopy

A high frequency gyrotron with a 15 T superconducting magnet named Gyrotron FU CW VI has achieved continuous frequency tuning through the relatively wide range of 1.5 GHz near 400 GHz. The operation is at the fundamental cyclotron resonance of the TE₀₆ cavity mode with many higher order axial modes. The output power measured at the end of the circular waveguide system ranges from 10 to 50 watts at the low acceleration voltage of 12 kV for beam electrons. The beam current is also low. It is around 250 mA. This gyrotron is designed as a demountable radiation source for the 600 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy. The design and operation results of the gyrotron FU CW VI are presented.     

Phytanic acid α-hydroxylation by bacterial cytochrome P450

Fatty acid α-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme, from Sphingomonas paucimobilis, utilizes various straight-chain fatty acids as substrates. We investigated whether a recombinant fatty acid α-hydroxylase is able to metabolize phytanic acid, a methyl-branched fatty acid. When phytanic acid was incubated with the recombinant enzyme in the presence of H₂O₂, a reaction product was detected by gas chromatography, whereas a reaction product was not detected in the absence of H₂O₂. When a heat-inactivated enzyme was used, a reaction product was not detected with any concentration of H₂O₂. Analysis of the methylated product by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a fragmentation pattern of 2-hydroxyphytanic acid methyl ester. By single-ion monitoring, the mass ion and the characteristic fragmentation ions of 2-hydroxyphytanic acid methyl ester were detected at the retention time corresponding to the time of the product observed on the gas chromatogram. The K _m value for phytanic acid was approximately 50 μM, which was similar to that for myristic acid, although the calculated V _max for phytanic acid was about 15-fold lower than that for myristic acid. These results indicate that a bacterial cytochrome P450 is able to oxidize phytanic acid to form 2-hydroxyphytanic acid.