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61.
Hypermedia systems have been implemented for such a wide range of applications that one must wonder whether their principles should not be included among the building blocks of computer environments themselves. In this paper, we argue that this would indeed be desirable and present a model on which such extension could be based.After a brief review of hypermedia principles and the terminology used in this paper, we give examples of several computer applications in which hypermedia already are or could advantageously be used. We then suggest that most computer applications would greatly benefit if hypermedia were extended from isolated applications to a system-wide facility and that this could substantially simplify implementation of new hypermedia applications. This claim is then generalized and it is shown that extending hypermedia concepts to the organization of the computer environment itself --- the file system --- and to the user interface would make computer environments more flexible and easier to use.We then list the main characteristics of such a ‘hyperenvironment’ and conclude the paper with an outline of its implementation model and an example. 相似文献
62.
Luigi Catuogno Roberto Gassirà Michele Masullo Ivan Visconti 《Information Security Technical Report》2013,17(3):93-104
A smart card is a tamper-resistant miniature computer that performs some basic computations on input a secret information. So far, smart cards have been widely used for securing many digital transactions (e.g., pay television, ATM machines).We focus on the implementation of operating system security services leveraging on smart cards. This very challenging feature allows one to personalize some functionalities of the operating system by simply changing a smart card. Current solutions for integrating smart card features in operating system services require at least a partial execution of some of the operating system functionalities at “user level”. Unfortunately, system functionalities built on top of components lying at both kernel and user levels may negatively affect the overall system security, due to the introduction of multiple points of failure.In this work, we present the design and implementation of SmartK: a framework that integrates features of smart cards uniquely in the Linux kernel. In order to validate our approach, we propose a host of enhancements to the Linux operating system built on top of SmartK: 1) in-kernel clients' authentication with Kerberos; 2) execution of trusted code; 3) key management in secure network filesystems.In particular, we present an experimental Linux OS distribution (SalSA), which addresses the security issues related to downloading packages and to updating an operating system through the Internet. 相似文献
63.
Ivan Rodero David Villegas Norman Bobroff Yanbin Liu Liana Fong S. Masoud Sadjadi 《Journal of Grid Computing》2013,11(2):311-336
The goal of Grid computing is to integrate the usage of computer resources from cooperating partners in the form of Virtual Organizations (VO). One of its key functions is to match jobs to execution resources efficiently. For interoperability between VOs, this matching operation occurs in resource brokering middleware, commonly referred to as the meta-scheduler or meta-broker. In this paper, we present an approach to a meta-scheduler architecture, combining hierarchical and peer-to-peer models for flexibility and extensibility. Interoperability is further promoted through the introduction of a set of protocols, allowing meta-schedulers to maintain sessions and exchange job and resource state using Web Services. Our architecture also incorporates a resource model that enables an efficient resource matching across multiple Virtual Organizations, especially where the compute resources and state are dynamic. Experiments demonstrate these new functional features across three distributed organizations (BSC, FIU, and IBM), that internally use different job scheduling technologies, computing infrastructure and security mechanisms. Performance evaluations through actual system measurements and simulations provide the insights on the architecture’s effectiveness and scalability. 相似文献
64.
Kristopher Page Michael Wilson Nicola J. Mordan Wojciech Chrzanowski Jonathan Knowles Ivan P. Parkin 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(19):6355-6363
The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus was studied using a selection of laboratory-prepared and commercially available coated glass substrates using a simple methodology. Substrates were examined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and water droplet contact angles. It was found that microbial adhesion was independent of surface roughness, when this was of a lower magnitude than microbial size. It was also found that microbial adhesion was greater for hydrophilic surfaces than for hydrophobic ones, but that on a photoinduced superhydrophilic surface, microbes were more spread out—a potential benefit for more effective photocatalytic disinfection. It is suggested that hydrophobic and photoinduced superhydrophilic surface coatings both have potential as a means of reducing microbial fouling of surfaces. 相似文献
65.
Ahmad Ivan Karayan Adi Hersuni Dian Adisty Ardiyansyah Yatim 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2011,11(5):481-486
A seawater inlet pipe failed in service. The visual examination showed that the backing bar was present inside the pipe and the failure was characterized by leaks at approximately 4–8 o’clock position near that backing bar. The finite element analysis of fluid in the seawater inlet pipe showed that the eddy zone was formed near the backing bar. The leaks and crater-like surfaces were noticed on the inner pipe surface at which the finite element analysis modeled the possibility of the formation of eddy zone. 相似文献
66.
Mary F. Wheeler Tim Wildey Ivan Yotov 《Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering》2011,200(9-12):1251-1262
The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach to efficiently solve sequences of problems that typically arise when modeling flow in stochastic porous media. The governing equations are based on Darcy’s law with a stochastic permeability field. Starting from a specified covariance relationship, the log permeability is decomposed using a truncated Karhunen–Loève expansion. Multiscale mortar mixed finite element approximations are used in the spatial domain and a nonintrusive sampling method is used in the stochastic dimensions. A multiscale mortar flux basis is computed for a single permeability, called a training permeability, that captures the main characteristics of the porous media, and is used as a preconditioner for each stochastic realization. We prove that the condition number of the preconditioned interface operator is independent of the subdomain mesh size and the mortar mesh size. Computational results confirm that our approach provides an efficient means to quantify the uncertainty for stochastic flow in porous media. 相似文献
67.
68.
Marina Vai Ivan Orlandi Paola Cavadini Lilia Alberghina Laura Popolo 《Yeast (Chichester, England)》1996,12(4):361-368
The GGP1/GAS1/CWH52 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a major exocellular 115 kDa glycoprotein (gp115) anchored to the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). The function of gp115 is still unknown but the analysis of null mutants suggests a possible role in the control of morphogenesis. PHR1 gene isolated from Candida alibicans is homologous to the GGP1 gene. In this report we have analysed the ability of PHR1 to complement a ggp1Δ mutation in S. cerevisiae. The expression of PHR1 controlled by its natural promoter or by the GGP1 promoter has been studied. In both cases we have observed a complete complementation of the mutant phenotype. Moreover, immunological analysis has revealed that PHR1 in budding yeast gives rise to a 75–80 kDa protein anchored to the membrane through a GPI, indicating that the signal for GPI attachment present in the C. albicans gene product is functional in S. cerevisiae. 相似文献
69.
Ivan Spasojevic Ines Batinic-Haberle Dubravka Barisin 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》1993,18(2):89-92
The igniter consisting of 34% Mg, 60% KNO3, 3% KClO4 and 3% organic binder was subjected to accelerated aging under the conditions of 85% relative humidity at 65°C, 75°C and 85°C, and at 75°C with 92% relative humidity. Chemical aging was followed through formation of Mg(OH)2 and KNO2. Functional characterization was accomplished in a device constructed to enable simultaneous determination of the heat of combustion and pressure-time recording of the combustion process of both fresh and aged samples. The maximum acceptable deterioration occured at different times depending upon the conditions. The acceleration factor for every 10°C at 85% relative humidity is on average 2.8, leading to a prediction of shelf life of not more than 4 years at 25°C. At the time when burning characteristics were significantly changed, the mixture suffered only slight chemical changes, with only about 1% Mg(OH)2 and 0.5% KNO2 being formed. Thus, no chemical changes should be tolerated in such formulations. 相似文献
70.
Stephen D. Fried Kosuke Fujishima Mikhail Makarov Ivan Cherepashuk Klara Hlouchova 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2022,19(187)
Recent developments in Origins of Life research have focused on substantiating the narrative of an abiotic emergence of nucleic acids from organic molecules of low molecular weight, a paradigm that typically sidelines the roles of peptides. Nevertheless, the simple synthesis of amino acids, the facile nature of their activation and condensation, their ability to recognize metals and cofactors and their remarkable capacity to self-assemble make peptides (and their analogues) favourable candidates for one of the earliest functional polymers. In this mini-review, we explore the ramifications of this hypothesis. Diverse lines of research in molecular biology, bioinformatics, geochemistry, biophysics and astrobiology provide clues about the progression and early evolution of proteins, and lend credence to the idea that early peptides served many central prebiotic roles before they were encodable by a polynucleotide template, in a putative ‘peptide-polynucleotide stage’. For example, early peptides and mini-proteins could have served as catalysts, compartments and structural hubs. In sum, we shed light on the role of early peptides and small proteins before and during the nucleotide world, in which nascent life fully grasped the potential of primordial proteins, and which has left an imprint on the idiosyncratic properties of extant proteins. 相似文献