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91.
The High Field Project at Dresden/Rossendorf: A Pulsed 100 T/10 ms Laboratory at an Infrared Free-Electron-Laser Facility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Herrmannsdörfer H. Krug F. Pobell S. Zherlitsyn H. Eschrig J. Freudenberger K. H. Müller L. Schultz 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2003,133(1-2):41-59
This article describes the project to build a pulsed magnetic field user laboratory at the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf near Dresden. Using a 50 MJ/24 kV capacitor bank, pulsed fields and rise times of 100 T/10 ms, 70 T/100 ms, and 60 T/1 s should be achieved. The laboratory will be built next to a free-electron-laser-facility for the middle and far infrared (5 to 150 µm, 2 ps, cw). We describe the work which has been performed until now to start the construction of the laboratory in 2003: coil concepts and computer simulations, materials development for the high field coils, and design of the capacitor bank modules. In addition, a pilot laboratory has been set up where fields up to 62 T/15 ms have been obtained with a 1 MJ/10 kV capacitor module. It is used to gain experience in the operation of such a facility and to test various parts of it. In this test laboratory special devices have been developed for measurements of magnetization and magnetoresistance, and have been successfully used to investigate various materials including semiconductors and Heavy Fermion compounds. In particular, metamagnetic transitions in intermetallic compounds and the irreversibility field of a high-T
c superconductor have been determined. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations have been observed in the semimetallic compound CeBiPt. Resistance relaxation has been observed to start less than 1second after the field pulse. It could be shown for the first time that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is detectable in pulsed fields. 相似文献
92.
J. G. Zheng Xiaoqing Pan M. Schweizer U. Weimar W. Göpel M. Rühle 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(9):2317-2324
Atomic structures of crystallographic shear planes (CSPs) in nanocrystalline thin films of semiconductor SnO2 were investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. The films were prepared by electron beam evaporation in high vacuum (10–6 torr) and followed by annealing in synthetic air at 700 °C for 1–2 H. CSPs with the displacement vector of [1/2 0 1/2] were observed in the planes parallel to (¯101), (110) and (¯3¯21). Most of the CPSs were found to terminate or interact with each other within SnO2 crystallites. Partial dislocations exist at terminal places of CSPs or along intersecting lines of CSPs. CSP steps were also observed. Structural models of these defects have been proposed. Based on analysis of experimental data, it has been suggested that the Sn/O ratio at CSPs which are not parallel to their displacement vector, at cores of partial dislocations and at CSP steps, is higher than that of the perfect structure, that is, these defects are able to provide extra free electrons with the films. 相似文献
93.
The application of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost increases both the trace metal loading and the organic matter in the soil. To characterize the quality and metal-binding capacity of the compost OM, we extracted humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) from mature MSW compost and analyzed them for elemental composition, acid-titratable functional groups, total metal content, and structural components (by 13C NMR). HA constituted 67% of all extracted humic substances and differed significantly from HAs of cultivated lands: The compost HA exhibited smaller molecular size, a higher N content, and lower aromaticity due to large amounts of saturated aliphatic components. Metal complexation studies of the extracted HA and FA were performed by equilibrium dialysis titration. The complexing capacity (CC) was highest for Cu: CCHA = 3357 and CCFA = 5221 μmol Cu g−1 of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at pH 5. Zn and Cd were bound (at pH 7) in smaller concentrations: CCHA(Zn) = 2167, CCFA(Zn) = 2809, CCHA(Cd) = 2386, and CCFA(Cd) = 2468 μmol metal g−1 of DOC. Stability constants for binding on the strongest sites (pKint) were determined as pKintHA = 6.6 and pKintFA = 7.3 for Cu at pH 5; and pKintHA = 8.0 and pKintFA = 6.4 for Cd at pH 7. Since these measured parameters fall within the ranges of values obtained for soil humic substances, we conclude that in soils with little organic matter, compost addition will significantly increase the amount of highly reactive organic complexing agents for trace metals in the soil. 相似文献
94.
95.
Klaus Fröhlich Öve Gerfried Zeichen 《e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik》1998,115(4):226-226
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
96.
P. Bruelemans P. Janssen K. D. Möller 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1996,17(1):51-59
The construction of a Fourier transform spectrometer to study magnetic resonances in solids is described. The spectrometer operates in the Far Infrared (maximum frequency of 500 cm?1) and is based on a wavefront dividing interferometer with circular geometry. To illustrate the performance, a water vapour spectrum is given. 相似文献
97.
98.
S. Brabetz R. Weidl F. Klemm L. Dörrer F. Schmidl P. Seidel 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1997,106(3-4):527-532
We investigated different types of high-Tc DC-SQUID gradiometers with the aim to develop an one-channel heart monitoring system for non-invasive measurements in unshielded
environment. This system could be used to obtain information about the patients condition in serial examinations and in emergency
cases fast and stable. Step-edge and bicrystal Josephson junctions were used to prepare planar galvanically coupled thin film
gradiometers and magnetometers. These sensors were used to carry out measurements in well-shielded and non-shielded environment
and we compared the different noise properties and field gradient resolutions. With different types and sizes of high-Tc DC-SQUID sensors magnetocardiograms were measured in a magnetically shielded room. The influence of antenna configurations,
SQUID parameters, and cooling conditions on the measurement of magnetocardiograms will be discussed. We investigated possibilities
to suppress the earth magnetic field (with pairs of Helmholtz coils) and for noise field compensation in unshielded environment. 相似文献
99.
Analysis of lipid classes by solid-phase extraction and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anu I. Hopia Vieno I. Piironen Pekka E. Koivistoinen Lea E. T. Hyvönen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(8):772-776
An improved method to analyze lipid classes of edible oils and fats by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) is presented. A mixture of lipid standards was fractionated by the solid-phase extraction procedure (NH2 phase) into polar and nonpolar fractions; these were then submitted to analysis by HPSEC. The size-exclusion chromatographic columns were three styrene/divinylbenzene columns with pore sizes of 100 Å and 50 Å. Light-scattering was used for the detection system, and the parameters of the detector were optimized to minimize the difference between the responses of the compounds studied. With this procedure it was possible to separate the following lipid classes: triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids, sterols, sterol esters, tocopherols and carotenoids. Quantitative analysis was studied for a light-scattering detector with several lipid standards of different molecular weights and unsaturation levels. 相似文献
100.
The non-linear thermo-metallurgical problem, relevant for the cooling of a molten metal including the macro-segregation that
occurs during the cooling process, is studied here. Due to the strong non-linearities involved in phase transformations, it
is necessary to use a fine resolution in space-time in a finite element approximation in order to meet accuracy requirements.
We derive space-time FE-methods based on the discontinuous and continuous Galerkin method in time for the energy equation.
This formulation integrates the stored energy exactly for a given heat flux. When macro-segregation is incorporated into the
model, the problem can be formulated in such a way that the phase-transition drives a flow of species. In addition, diffusion
is possible throughout the domain. The model can be further rewritten using a potential approach. By this approach for modelling
macro-segregation, we are able to obtain discretizations that guarantee that the balance equations are satisfied, and it is
possible to solve the phase-transition problem either as a field problem or as a local problem (defined by a local evolution
rule). 相似文献