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91.
One of the most fascinating ignition schemes for the inertial fusion energy that might be feasible is fast ignition.Its targets are ignited on the outside surface so there is no need to low density and high temperature center is required by central hot spot ignition.Fast ignition concept is noteworthy for a simple but fundamental reason:In principle it requires less total energy input to achieve ignition.In this paper,fuel energy and fuel energy gain of nearly pure deuterium capsule are calculated.This capsule is ignited by a deuterium-tritium seed,which would reduce the tritium inventory to a few percentages.The variations of fuel energy gain versus fuel density have been studied and submitted.On the basis of different physical parameters the following results of the investigation are presented and discussed.The energy gain curves for different tritium concentrations are found and limiting gain curves are derived.Finally,tritium-poor fast ignitor is compared to equimolar deuterium-tritium fast ignitor. 相似文献
92.
Organizations are usually represented and evaluated by their output. Therefore, all procedures and models which may affect and improve output attract the attention of researchers. The effects of organizing work teams as one essential resource of organizations, in addition to the structure, size and effectiveness of the team, are also considered important factors. This paper reports on an investigation performed to define a model to explain how the results of teamwork may improve production, while considering the role of IT as an effective parameter. Also, it is shown that if there is a number of IT improvement options, there may be a mix of IT improvement and team size increase that will yield the most cost efficient increase in team output. 相似文献
93.
Theories on the evaporation of pure substances are reviewed and applied to study vacuum evaporation of pure metals. It is shown that there is good agreement between different theories for weak evaporation, whereas there are differences under intensive evaporation conditions. For weak evaporation, the evaporation coefficient in Hertz-Knudsen equation is 1.66. Vapor velocity as a function of the pressure is calculated applying several theories. If a condensing surface is less than one collision length from the evaporating surface, the Hertz-Knudsen equation applies. For a case where the condensing surface is not close to the evaporating surface, a pressure criterion for intensive evaporation is introduced, called the effective vacuum pressure, p eff. It is a fraction of the vapor pressure of the pure metal. The vacuum evaporation rate should not be affected by pressure changes below p eff, so that in lower pressures below p eff, the evaporation flux is constant and equal to a fraction of the maximum evaporation flux given by Hertz-Knudsen equation as 0.844 $ \dot{n}_{\hbox{Max} } $ . Experimental data on the evaporation of liquid and solid metals are included. 相似文献
94.
Kamel Kazemi-Choobi Jafar Khalil-Allafi Amin Elhami Parviz Asadi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2013,44(10):4429-4433
Electrical resistance variations of Ni50.9Ti49.1 shape memory wires were studied during aging treatment at different temperatures via in-situ electrical resistance measurement. The results showed that during aging treatment, a cyclic behavior was observed in the electrical resistance variations, which could be related to the precipitation process. The evaluation of transition temperatures was conducted, after aging, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The precipitation process is found to occur in four different stages. The results show that depending on the stress level around precipitates, two-, three-, or four-step martensitic transformation could be observed in DSC curves. In the points with maximum stress level (during precipitation process), four-step martensitic transformation is observed. 相似文献
95.
Peiman Aliparast Ziaadin Daei Koozehkanany Jafar Sobhi 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2011,68(3):315-328
In this paper a 12-bit Nyquist current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is implemented using TSMC 0.35 μm standard
CMOS process technology. The proposed DAC is an essential part in baseband section of wireless transmitter circuits. Using
oversampling ratio (OSR) for it leads to avoid use of an active analog reconstruction filter. The optimum segmentation (75%)
has been used to get the best DNL and reduce glitch energy. This segmentation ratio guarantees the monotonicity. Higher performance
is achieved using a new 3D thermometer decoding method which reduces the area, power consumption and the number of control
signals of the digital section. Using two digital channels in parallel, helps reach 1 GHz sampling frequency. Simulations
indicate that the DAC has an accuracy better than 10.7-bit for upcoming higher data rate standards (IEEE 802.16 and 802.11n),
and a spurious-free-dynamic-range (SFDR) higher than 64 dB in whole Nyquist frequency band. The post layout four corner Monte-Carlo
simulated INL is better than 0.74 LSB while simulated DNL is better than 0.49 LSB. The analog voltage supply is 3.3 V while
the digital part of the chip operates with only 2.4 V. Total power consumption in Nyquist rate measurement is 144.9 mW. Active
area of chip is 1.37 mm2. 相似文献
96.
The effects of the mold preheating and the silicon content of ductile iron on the percentage of carbides, graphite nodule counts and shrinkage volume were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of carbides and the shrinkage volume decreased when the mold preheating increased. The ductile iron with the carbon equivalent of 445 % and the silicon content of 25% without any porosity defects was achieved when the mold preheating was 450 ℃. Increasing the silicon content in the range of 21%-33% led to the increase in graphite nodule count and graphite size and the decrease in percentage of carbides. It is due to the increase in induced expansion pressure during the graphite formation with the increasing of silicon content. The suitable condition for casting a sound product of ductile iron without the riser at the mold preheating temperature of 300 ℃ is the silicon content of 33% and carbon equivalent of 47%. 相似文献
97.
Ali Sahafi Jafar Sobhi Mahdi Sahafi Omid Farhanieh Ziaddin Daie Koozehkanani 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2013,74(1):97-103
An ultra low power CMOS frequency divider whose modulus can be varied from 481 to 496 is presented. It has been customized to be used in 2.45 GHz Integer-N PLL frequency synthesizers utilized in ZigBee standard. Its based on swallow divider that replaces the swallow counter by a simple digital circuit in order to reduce power consumption and design complexity. Also a low power and high speed divide-by-7/8 is presented. Post layout simulation results exhibit 420 μW power consumption for 4 bit frequency divider in 2.45 GHz ISM frequency band that proves 40 % reduction compared to same previous works. All of the circuits have been designed in 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology with a single 1.8 V DC voltage supply. 相似文献
98.
Jafar F. Al‐Sharab Stuart Deutsch Christopher S. Nordahl Stephen D. Tse Bernard H. Kear 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(6):1966-1971
A pressure‐induced phase transformation is used to refine the grain size of polycrystalline Y2O3, by a factor of 3000. A surface modification effect accompanies the observed grain refinement, which becomes more apparent with increasing holding time under high pressure. The surface‐modified layer exhibits lower hardness and lower oxygen content relative to the underlying material. Moreover, it possesses columnar‐grained structure with cubic symmetry, whereas the interior has a monoclinic structure. 相似文献
99.
Erfan Salahinejad Rasool Amini Mehdi Marasi Mohammad Jafar Hadianfard 《Materials & Design》2010,31(1):527-532
Sintering is an essential stage in powder metallurgy, which affects the final microstructure and performance of the part. This study is concerned with the sintering and mechanical behaviors of Fe–18Cr–8Mn–0.9N stainless steel prepared from mechanically alloyed amorphous/nanocrystalline powders. The contribution of sintering time to the densification at 1100 °C is considered and a sluggish densification is found for the alloy. Furthermore, the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated porous parts is studied. It is found that the yield stress is affected by both porosity and the material’s intrinsic yield strength. Nonetheless, the effect of porosity on the overall hardness typically prevails over the effect of matrix hardness. Interestingly, even after sintering at 1100 °C for up to 20 h, the nanometric structure of the material is retained. 相似文献
100.
Ben Seghier Mohamed El Amine Corriea José A. F. O. Jafari-Asl Jafar Malekjafarian Abdollah Plevris Vagelis Trung Nguyen-Thoi 《Neural computing & applications》2021,33(23):15969-15985
Neural Computing and Applications - Suspension bridges are critical components of transport infrastructure around the world. Therefore, their operating conditions should be effectively monitored to... 相似文献