A screening inventory for assessing psychiatric impairment in children 6 to 18.

Administered a structured questionnaire to a cross-sectional sample of 1,034 mothers and a welfare sample of 1,000 mothers of 6-18 yr olds in New York City. One or more psychiatrists rated each of the children on a 5-point scale of total psychiatric impairment. Factor analysis of the questionnaire items of child behavior yielded 18 factors. The 7 factors with the highest correlations with total psychiatric impairment were selected for the inventory, each represented by 5 items. The correlation of the total 35-item score and total psychiatric impairment was .82. The screening inventory significantly and substantially improved over chance in assigning children to impairment statuses in the cross-sectional sample and the sample used for cross-validation, the welfare sample. Correlations of the total score with child's treatment status and a direct clinical examination rating were expectedly low. In its present form, the instrument is recommended only for comparisons of different child and adolescent groups. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Aerodynamic design via control theory

Conclusion The purpose of the last three sections is to demonstrate by representative examples that control theory can be used to formulate computationally feasible procedures for aerodynamic design. The cost of each iteration is of the same order as two flow solutions, since the adjoint equation is of comparable complexity to the flow equation, and the remaining auxiliary equations could be solved quite inexpensively. Provided, therefore, that one can afford the cost of a moderate number of flow solutions, procedures of this type can be used to derive improved designs. The approach is quite general, not limited to particular choices of the coordinate transformation or cost function, which might in fact contain measures of other criteria of performance such as lift and drag. For the sake of simplicity certain complicating factors, such as the need to include a special term in the mapping function to generate a corner at the trailing edge, have been suppressed from the present analysis. Also it remains to explore the numerical implementation of the design procedures proposed in this paper.     

Solid—liquid mass transfer in a resonant bubble contactor

The resonant bubble contactor is a device in which a column of liquid is made to oscillate in a vertical direction, thereby entraining gas bubbles which are carried to the bottom of the column by Bjerknes forces. Large volumes of gas can be entrained, and the fluid becomes highly agitated.In this work, mass transfer to small solid particles in the contactor has been investigated. A study of the effect of frequency of oscillation and diameter of particle on solid—liquid mass transfer rates has been made. The results show a considerable increase in mass transfer coefficient over those normally observed in stirred tanks. Correlations were obtained to represent the data when bubble cycling does and does not occur in the system.     

Mass transfer from very small bubbles—the optimum bubble size for aeration

Measurements have been made of mass transfer coefficients K_L of small oxygen bubbles of diameter 100–1000 μm, rising at their terminal veloThe measured coefficients are used together with values from the literature, to calculate the proportion of oxygen transferred from a bubble of air or     

Foam slip on surfaces of intermediate or low wettability

Wall slip of foams is important in several practical contexts. If the surface is not perfectly wetted by the interstitial liquid, the foam-wall interface may exhibit a yield stress. This paper represents the first quantitative study of this phenomenon. A simple model of the interface between disorganized foam and a solid surface is presented. This model treats the interface as a network of soap film contact lines. Experimental data are presented on the tension at soap film contact lines, and the stress at the foam-solid interface, at very slow translation speeds and for several surfaces. These agree broadly with theoretical predictions up to parity of the interface yield stress with the bulk yield stress of the foam. The experimental data include the yield tension for a soap film contact line pulled in an oblique direction with respect to the contact line normal. These data are also broadly consistent with theoretical predictions.     

Bubble and Froth Stabilizing Agents in Froth Flotation

The mineral processing industry relies heavily on froth flotation to beneficiate complex minerals. The performance of the process depends on a multitude of chemical reagents affecting the solid mineral particles as well as the air bubbles used to collect the valuable mineral particles. In flotation, bubbles and froths are transiently stable by the use of a frothing agent or the presence of inorganic electrolytes in the process water. This review presents the primary stages characterizing bubble coalescence. The effect of flotation reagents and inorganic electrolytes on the stability of bubbles and the mechanisms which delay the coalescence of bubbles are discussed. Recently it had been proposed that solid particles external to the flotation system may be intentionally added to stabilize the froth phase, which has attracted attention from the flotation community. This gave rise to additional studies on the topic. The final section of the paper was therefore designed to capture the progress made on this particular subject. The use of solid flotation aids offers a promising future to increase the recovery of valuable particles as these external particles may be customized. The advantage of solid particles over soluble reagents is that they may be recovered and re-used making them environmentally and economically attractive.     

Probing the nucleotide binding sites of axonemal dynein with the fluorescent nucleotide analogue 2'(3')-O-(-N-Methylanthraniloyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate

MantATP [2'(3')-O-(-N-methylanthraniloyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate] was employed as a fluorescence probe of the nucleotide-binding sites of dynein from sea urchin sperm flagella. MantATP binds specifically with enhanced fluorescence (approximately 2.2-fold), homogeneous lifetime (8.4 ns), and high anisotropy (r approximately 0.38) to dynein and can be displaced by ATP and ADP added to the medium. The association constants of mantATP complexed with dynein were determined from anisotropy titration data. Using a multiple stepwise equilibrium model, the average values of the first two association constants are K1 = 2.7 x 10(5) M-1 and K2 = 1.8 x 10(4) M-1. This value of K1 is 7-8 times higher than that found previously for unsubstituted ATP, whereas K2 is little changed [Mocz and Gibbons (1996) Biochemistry 35, 9204-9211]. The lower-affinity binding sites, K3 and K4, observed previously could not be studied with mantATP within the available protein concentrations. The alpha and beta heavy chain subfractions have binding parameters similar to those of intact dynein. Formation of the stable ternary complex of mantATP with dynein and monomeric vanadate is accompanied by only a moderate increase in the binding affinities. Oligomeric vanadate reduces the binding affinities by approximately 50%. Addition of TritonX-100, methanol, or various salts changes the binding affinities by up to 50%, suggesting that the microenvironment of the nucleotide-binding sites involves significant contributions from both polar and apolar interactions. The distinct affinities of the individual binding sites are consistent with a physiological role in regulating nucleotide binding.     

Modelling continuous foam fractionation with reflux

An equilibrium stage approach is taken to modelling the performance of a continuous foam fractionation column with reflux. Such an approach has been facilitated by recent developments in the understanding of pneumatic columns of foam that allow liquid rates within the rising column of foam to be predicted with confidence. It is shown that the recovery of surfactant into the product stream increases monotonically with increasing reflux ratio but this is at the expense of reduced product rate.