Bi-objective optimization of the reliability-redundancy allocation problem for series-parallel system

The main objective of this paper is to solve the bi-objective reliability redundancy allocation problem for series-parallel system where reliability of the system and the corresponding designing cost are considered as two different objectives. In their formulation, reliability of each component is considered as a triangular fuzzy number. In order to solve the problem, developed fuzzy model is converted to a crisp model by using expected values of fuzzy numbers and taking into account the preference of decision maker regarding cost and reliability goals. Finally the obtained crisp optimization problem has been solved with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and compared their results with genetic algorithm (GA). Examples are shown to illustrate the method. Finally statistical simulation has been performed for supremacy the approach.     

Asymptotic Stability of Cohen–Grossberg BAM Neutral Type Neural Networks with Distributed Time Varying Delays

This paper is concerned with the problem of asymptotic stability of neutral type Cohen–Grossberg BAM neural networks with discrete and distributed time-varying delays. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF), reciprocal convex technique and Jensen’s inequality are used to delay-dependent conditions are established to analysis the asymptotic stability of Cohen–Grossberg BAM neural networks with discrete and distributed time-varying delays. These stability conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily solved by various convex optimization algorithms. Finally numerical examples are given to illustrate the usefulness of our proposed method.     

Improving cache locking performance of modern embedded systems via the addition of a miss table at the L2 cache level

To confer the robustness and high quality of service, modern computing architectures running real-time applications should provide high system performance and high timing predictability. Cache memory is used to improve performance by bridging the speed gap between the main memory and CPU. However, the cache introduces timing unpredictability creating serious challenges for real-time applications. Herein, we introduce a miss table (MT) based cache locking scheme at level-2 (L2) cache to further improve the timing predictability and system performance/power ratio. The MT holds information of block addresses related to the application being processed which cause most cache misses if not locked. Information in MT is used for efficient selection of the blocks to be locked and victim blocks to be replaced. This MT based approach improves timing predictability by locking important blocks with the highest number of misses inside the cache for the entire execution time. In addition, this technique decreases the average delay per task and total power consumption by reducing cache misses and avoiding unnecessary data transfers. This MT based solution is effective for both uniprocessors and multicores. We evaluate the proposed MT-based cache locking scheme by simulating an 8-core processor with 2 levels of caches using MPEG4 decoding, H.264/AVC decoding, FFT, and MI workloads. Experimental results show that in addition to improving the predictability, a reduction of 21% in mean delay per task and a reduction of 18% in total power consumption are achieved for MPEG4 (and H.264/AVC) by using MT and locking 25% of the L2. The MT results in about 5% delay and power reductions on these video applications, possibly more on applications with worse cache behavior. For the FFT and MI (and other) applications whose code fits inside the level-1 instruction (I1) cache, the mean delay per task increases only by 3% and total power consumption increases by 2% due to the addition of the MT.     

An extended hesitant fuzzy set using SWARA-MULTIMOORA approach to adapt online education for the control of the pandemic spread of COVID-19 in higher education institutions

The world has been challenged since late 2019 by COVID-19. Higher education institutions have faced various challenges in adapting online education to control the pandemic spread of COVID-19. The present study aims to conduct a survey study through the interview and scrutinizing the literature to find the key challenges. Subsequently, an integrated MCDM framework, including Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and Multiple Objective Optimization based on Ratio Analysis plus Full Multiplicative Form (MULTIMOORA), is developed. The SWARA procedure is applied to the analysis and assesses the challenges to adapt the online education during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the MULTIMOORA approach is utilized to rank the higher education institutions on hesitant fuzzy sets. Further, an illustrative case study is considered to express the proposed idea's feasibility and efficacy in real-world decision-making. Finally, the obtained result is compared with other existing approaches, confirming the proposed framework's strength and steadiness. The identified challenges were systemic, pedagogical, and psychological challenges, while the analysis results found that the pedagogical challenges, including the lack of experience and student engagement, were the main essential challenges to adapting online education in higher education institutions during the COVID-19 outbreak.

     

Cloud vendor selection for the healthcare industry using a big data-driven decision model with probabilistic linguistic information

Applied Intelligence - The role of cloud services in the data-intensive industry is indispensable. Cision recently reported that the cloud market would grow to 55 billion USD, with an active...     

Improving Throughput of Transmission Control Protocol Using Cross Layer Approach

Most of the internet users connect through wireless networks. Major part of internet traffic is carried by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It has some design constraints while operated across wireless networks. TCP is the traditional predominant protocol designed for wired networks. To control congestion in the network, TCP used acknowledgment to delivery of packets by the end host. In wired network, packet loss signals congestion in the network. But rather in wireless networks, loss is mainly because of the wireless characteristics such as fading, signal strength etc. When a packet travels across wired and wireless networks, TCP congestion control theory faces problem during handshake between them. This paper focuses on finding this misinterpretation of the losses using cross layer approach. This paper focuses on increasing bandwidth usage by improving TCP throughput in wireless environments using cross layer approach and hence named the proposed system as CRLTCP. TCP misinterprets wireless loss as congestion loss and unnecessarily reduces congestion window size. Using the signal strength and frame error rate, the type of loss is identified and accordingly the response of TCP is modified. The results show that there is a significant improvement in the throughput of proposed TCP upon which bandwidth usage is increased.     

Cost analysis in two-unit warm standby models with a regular repairman and patience time

The present paper deals with two-unit warm standby models having one regular and one expert repairman. It is assumed that the expert is called only if the regular repairman is not able to complete the repairs within some tolerable (patience) time. In model 1, it is assumed that the regular repairman can always do the repairs of the unit, failed from standby state. In model 2, the regular repairman sometimes may not be able to do the repairs of the above nature within some patience time and the expert is called for in case of standby failure also.The various measures of system effectiveness are calculated using semi-Markov and regenerative processes. Based on these measures a rule is developed when the services of the expert man should be utilized profitably.     

Infinite arrays and controlled deterministic table 0L array systems

Deterministic table 0L array systems with control are considered for the generation of infinite arrays. Rewriting of a rectangular array is done in parallel by a table of rules, the rightmost edge horizontally or the lowermost edge vertically downwards. The application of the tables is controlled by a control set. Cube-free and square-free infinite arrays are obtained as an application of this model. The adherence of the array language of a controlled deterministic table 0L array system is related to the adherence of its control set. The limit language equivalence problem and the adherence equivalence problem are shown to be undecidable for this system.     

Effects of wavelength and intensity of light in initiation of body fattening and gonadal growth in a migratory bunting under complete and skeleton photoperiods

A series of experiments investigated the effects of wavelength and intensity of light in initiation of body fattening (gain in body weight) and gonadal growth in migratory blackheaded bunting under complete and skeleton photoperiods. Using fluorescent light at an intensity approximately 700 lx, the first experiment compared the inductiveness of a complete (13 h continuous light coupled with 11 h darkness; 13L:11D) and a skeleton (two light pulses of 6 and 1 h at 6 h apart; 6L:6D:1L:11D) photoperiod. Observations at the beginning and after 3, 8, 10, and 13 weeks of the treatment indicated that both photoperiods were fully inductive but that birds under 13L photoperiod fattened and lost body weight significantly earlier than birds under skeleton photoperiod. In the second experiment, bunting were subjected to 13L:11D (L = 100 lx; D = 0 lx) of white, green (528 nm), and red (654 nm) light for a period of 5 weeks. Birds gained weight and testes grew in all groups except for an inconsistent fattening response in the white light group. The third experiment tested if the inductive effects of 1-h light pulse in a skeleton photoperiod were intensity dependent. Groups of bunting were exposed to 6L:6D:1L:11D (intensity of 1-h white light pulse = 2, 10, 50, or 100 lux) and examined at the beginning and after 3 and 8 weeks of the treatment. Photoinduction occurred at a slower rate and only at 50- and 100-lx intensities. The fourth experiment was similar to the third in design but it employed 1-h light pulse of two different wavelengths (green = 528 nm, and red = 654 nm) at 50- and 100-lx intensities. Birds fattened and testes grew only under red light. The last experiment varied the wavelength and intensity of the first (6 h) light pulse of the skeleton photoperiod (6L:6D:1L:11D): 6-h entraining light pulse of white, green (528 nm), or red (654 nm) colour at 10- or 50-lx intensity was used with 1-h inducing light pulse of white light at approximately 700-lx intensity. Testes grew in all groups but significant fattening occurred only in birds entrained to 50-lx light intensity. These results indicate i) the dissociation of body weight and gonadal responses, in the sense that the timing of photostimulation and/or magnitude of photoperiod-induced body weight and testicular responses differed under various photoperiodic manipulations, and ii) the circadian processes involved in photoperiod-induced responses have differential spectral and intensity sensitivity.     

A note on an extension of matrix grammars generating two-dimensional languages

An extended version of the parallel/sequential table matrix models called extended table matrix grammars (Ex-TMG), generating arrays of symbols, is proposed. The effect of imposing different types of control on the sequence of application of the tables is studied. The notion of assigning “terminal weights” to matrix grammars for describing parquet deformations is extended to Ex-TMGs.