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31.
The semicontinuous separation/concentration of two solutes with different molecular size by the size exclusion cyclic separation
method is based on the opposite swelling responses of two gels to a temperature change. Experimental results of separation
and concentration of solutes are verified qualitatively by the theoretical models based on the local equilibrium assumption.
Separation of two solutes is shown by the breakthrough curves in coupled gel columns. In closed coupled columns, the volumetric
space for the large molecules which are totally excluded from the gels becomes smaller, creating a concentrating effect as
the gels swell when temperature changes. A mechanistic model is suggested to predict the large molecule concentration to increase
to its solubility limit as cycle repeats. 相似文献
32.
33.
Occlusion of large atrial septal defects with a centering buttoned device: early clinical experience
EB Sideris M Leung JH Yoon CR Chen R Lochan AM Worms C Rey B Meier 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,131(2):356-359
A feasibility clinical study was conducted for the transcatheter occlusion of large ostium secundum atrial septal defects with the centering buttoned device. The centering buttoned device is a modification of the regular buttoned device in which a centering counter-occluder is sutured at the central 40% portion of the occluder. During centering it is stretched, forming a parachute-shaped structure and pulling the occluder over the center of the defect. During buttoning, the counter-occluder forms a double figure eight, opposing the right atrial side of the atrial septum. Occlusion was performed in 12 patients aged 6 to 56 years. All had been rejected for transcatheter occlusion by the regular buttoned device, because of either their defect size or the lack of adequate septal rim. The defect size varied between 23 and 31 mm, and the device size varied between 45 and 60 mm. Nine had immediate effective occlusions of their defects and three residual shunts. One patient with unbuttoning had hemolysis at 2 weeks and underwent surgery. Early results of the transcatheter occlusion of large atrial septal defects are promising, and larger clinical trials are justified. 相似文献
34.
The performance of a linear decorrelating detector (LDD) and a minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector is analyzed for random spreading waveforms. The performance of the LDD and MMSE detectors is expressed in terms of the so-called near-far resistance, defined by a reciprocal of a diagonal component of inverse matrix. For random code division multiple access, which employs random spreading waveforms, the near-far resistance can be regarded as a random variable. Many papers have dealt with the analysis of multiuser detectors for random spreading sequences. In most cases, however, these analyses derived only the expectations or bounds for the near-far resistance. In this paper, we directly derive the approximate probability density function (PDF) of the near-far resistance and corresponding bit error rate expression for random spreading sequences. It is based on Gaussian approximation of the cross correlation between any two randomly generated spreading codes. The resulting PDF turned out to be a reversed-and-scaled version of chi-square distribution. The approximate expressions, both the PDF and the corresponding bit error rate expression, were verified via Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the approximation is quite close to the simulation results when the number of users is less than half the processing gain 相似文献
35.
Experimental studies on the aerodynamic coupling effect on natural frequencies and flutter instability of rotating disks
are investigated in this paper. The experiments performed using a vacuum chamber and optical disks give two main results.
One is that the aerodynamic effect by surrounding air reduces the natural frequencies and critical speeds of the vibration
modes in pre-flutter regions. The other is that the natural frequency of the disk rotating at ambient atmospheric pressure
is equal to that in vacuum at the flutter onset speed where the disk experiences aero-induced flutter. In post-flutter regions,
the aerodynamic coupling between the disk and surrounding air increases the natural frequencies of the disk.
Received: 17 June 2002/Accepted: 7 October 2002
The work was supported by Grant No. R11-1997-042-090001-0 of the Center for Information Storage Devices designated by the
Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.
Paper presented at the 13th Annual Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems, Santa Clara, CA, USA, 17–18 June,
2002 相似文献
36.
The current carrying capacity of single-walled semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is studied by self-consistent quantum
simulations using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism with the self-consistent Born approximation. The simulation
shows that the current carrying capacity depends on the bias regime and is drastically different from that of metallic tubes.
For long CNTs (with a length much longer than zone boundary and optical phonon scattering mean free path), the current saturates
around 20 μA in the forward bias regime with unipolar transport due to phonon scattering. In ambipolar transport regime, the
current delivery limit is still about 20 μA due to recombination of electron and hole currents. In contrast, for short semiconducting
CNTs, the current delivery capacity can be above 25 μA in the unipolar transport regime and further double in the ambipolar
transport regime. In reverse bias regime, the current of a long CNT can exceed 20 μA due to the second subband conduction
and increased electron injection from the drain. The simulation provides a coherent explanation to the dependence of current
delivery limit on bias regime and channel length, which is consistent with recent experiments. 相似文献
37.
Improving the efficiency of induction motors, which are the most energy consuming electric machines in the world, saves much energy. The efficiency can be increased by improving cooling performance as well as by using better materials or by improving electromagnetic performance with better design. This paper presents the relationship between the efficiency or the losses and the temperature of coils with experiments as well as simulations by changing parameters such as the load and the flow rate of cooling air. The losses and the efficiency are calculated from an equivalent circuit method as well as experiments. Coil temperatures variation affects much on the efficiency. The internal cooling method is better than that of external cooling for the coil temperature reduction. Several cooling methods are compared focusing on the fan efficiency and performance, from which the values of the efficiencies of the motors are expected. The fan efficiency as well as the fan performance should be considered for the optimum fan design to increase the total efficiency of a motor. The simulations are validated by the comparison with the experiments 相似文献
38.
This paper considers probability of bit error (Pe) analysis in asynchronous band-limited direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. It presents a simple and accurate method of Pe analysis. The proposed method can serve as an attractive alternative to the only two techniques currently available for band-limited systems: the standard Gaussian approximation (SGA) and the characteristic function method. The former is prone to inaccuracy while the latter, large computational complexity. The method generalizes the simplified improved Gaussian approximation (SIGA) derived previously for rectangular pulses. This paper also outlines a generalization of another method referred to as the improved Gaussian approximation (IGA). Numerical examples demonstrate the far greater accuracy of the generalized SIGA with respect to the SGA. The examples consider the IS-95 and square-root raised cosine (Sqrt-RC) pulses as well as uniform and nonuniform received power conditions 相似文献
39.
40.
Attenuations of the first (or fundamental) longitudinal guided wave modes propagating in liquid-filled steel pipes are numerically
investigated. Several filling liquids transported by the steel pipe are considered in the investigation. In the numerical
modeling stage, a sink is considered for abandoning standing wave modes caused by the internal liquids; hence, the attenuation
dispersion curves become simpler. From the attenuation dispersion curves, two specific attenuation values corresponding to
1 MHz and 2.68 MHz are selected; then, the concept of parametric density is introduced to predict attenuation for a certain
filling material. With this concept, it is possible to approximately calculate attenuation values without a complex numerical
attenuation calculation. This investigation may provide fundamental data to inspectors using ultrasonic guided-wave techniques
in the petrochemical industry and in the field of water supply, two branches of the economy that are always under pressure
owing to the demand of increasing productivity and that are challenged owing to stricter environmental rules, thus necessitating
promising, low-cost inspection techniques.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献