原发性大肝癌患者TACE后S－腺苷蛋氨酸的护肝作用

目的探讨S－腺苷蛋氨酸对原发性大肝癌患者经肝动脉介入化疗栓塞（TACE）后急性肝功能损害的保护作用。方法回顾性分析自２００３年５月－２００７年１０月我院收治的５１例肝肿瘤患者进行术后护肝治疗,治疗组在TACE后静脉滴注S－腺苷蛋氨酸１０００mg ／d;对照组TACE后静脉滴注甘利欣３０ml／d（含甘草酸二铵盐１５０mg ）治疗。两组均在TACE术前第１天,术后第２、４、８天抽血查肝功能。结果肝功能各指标在TACE前后均发生明显变化,术后第２天ALT、AST、TBIL及DBIL均较术前不同程度的升高（P＜０．０５）,术后第４天起各指标开始逐渐下降。治疗组总TACE前TBIL、DBIL、ALT和AST与术后第８天比较差异无统计学意义（P＞０．０５）。对照组ALT、AST及TBIL、DBIL在TACE术后第８天有显著升高（P＜０．０５）。总蛋白（TP）及白蛋白（A）TACE前与术后第８天比较无显著性差异（P＞０．０５）。治疗组中１５例（６０％）患者汉密顿抑郁量表总分出现下降。结论S－腺苷蛋氨酸对肝癌患者TACE治疗后有保护肝功能作用,近期保护急性肝损害疗效满意。S－腺苷蛋氨酸还具有一定的抗抑郁作用,可增加TACE的疗效,提高患者的生活质量。     

经皮肾造瘘治疗移植肾积水的疗效观察

目的探讨移植肾积水介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法收集１６例右髂窝肾移植术后肾积水患者,B超和X线透视导向下,采用同轴穿刺法进行肾造瘘,然后根据病情选用不同的介入处理。术后观察尿液颜色、尿量,并复查尿常规、肾功能。结果１６例患者造影均显示不同程度肾积水和输尿管梗阻,其中输尿管完全梗阻７例,不完全梗阻９例。行经皮肾外引流术３例,经皮穿刺肾输尿管狭窄段球囊扩张联合内外引流术１３例。患者血清尿素氮和肌酐平均水平术前分别为２８．３mmol／L和５３７．７μmol／L,术后１周分别下降至９．７mmol／L和１４８．６μmol／L。术后B超检查示移植肾积水消失。随访４～４８个月,除１例患者术后２个月因双J管引流不畅复发肾积水而行外引流术外,其余患者均无肾积水复发。结果介入治疗具有操作简便、创伤小和并发症少的特点,是移植肾积水安全和有效的治疗方法。     

Oregano: chemical analysis and evaluation of its antimalarial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities

Abstract: GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of essential oil from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of 46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition. Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol (29.74%) and p‐cymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum compactum. In these extracts, different chemical families were characterized: polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent 21.2 to 858.3 g/kg), tannins (catechin equivalent 12.4 to 510.3 g/kg), anthocyanins (cyanidin equivalent 0.38 to 5.63 mg/kg), and flavonoids (quercetin equivalent 14.5 to 54.7 g/kg). The samples (essential oil and extracts) were subjected to a screening for antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antimalarial activities and against human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 2 ± 0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀= 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate extract showed the best results with an IC₅₀ of 34 and 33 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract (56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). The oregano essential oil was considered to be nontoxic.     

Length to diameter ratio of extrudates in catalyst technology I. Modeling catalyst breakage by impulsive forces

Natural or forced catalyst extrudate breakage is an important phenomenon during catalyst manufacture. Here, a two‐parameter model for predicting the reduction in the length to diameter ratio of catalyst extrudates due to breakage by impulsive forces as experienced in a laboratory drop test is developed. Part II will show how both parameters can be correlated with the strength of the extrudates and the severity of the drop test. For breakage by impulsive forces, the model reveals that extrudates are reduced in length to diameter ratio according to a pseudosecond‐order break law. Also, a tie‐in exists with the well‐known Golden Ratio that is famous for its inherent esthetic value. Applying the model to cases of “severity sequencing” and “severity conditioning” reveals the nonlinear behavior of the length to diameter ratio and yields results that are often nonintuitive and hard to get without this engineering analysis. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 639–647, 2016     

Reversible Cluster Aggregation and Growth Model for Graphene Suspensions

We present a reversible cluster aggregation model for 2‐D macromolecules represented by line segments in 2‐D; and, we use it to describe the aggregation process of functionalized graphene particles in an aqueous SDS surfactant solution. The model produces clusters with similar sizes and structures as a function of SDS concentration in agreement with experiments and predicts the existence of a critical surfactant concentration (C_crit) beyond which thermodynamically stable graphene suspensions form. Around C_crit, particles form dense clusters rapidly and sediment. At C ? C_crit, a contiguous ramified network of graphene gel forms which also densifies, but at a slower rate, and sediments with time. The deaggregation–reaggregation mechanism of our model captures the restructuring of the large aggregates towards a graphite‐like structure for the low SDS concentrations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 5462–5473, 2017     

Incorporation and metabolic conversion of erucic acid in various tissues of the rat in short term experiments

Rats were intravenously injected with a mixture of free (14-¹⁴C) erucic acid (22∶1) and (9–10³H) oleic acid (18∶1). After 2, 4, 8, 16, and 30 min, radioactivity was examined in blood, liver, heart, kidneys, and spleen. Free (¹⁴C) 22∶1 disappeared from the blood more rapidly than free (¹⁴C) 18∶1 between 0 and 8 min. Incorporation of label into triglycerides only appeared after 16 min and at 30 min they represented 4% of the injected radioactivity. In this fraction, 63% of¹⁴C radioactivity was present as 18∶1 and not as the original 22∶1, while almost all³H radioactivity was recovered as unchanged 18∶1. At all times studied, the majority of radioactivity was found in the liver, primarily as triglycerides (60% of radioactivity in total lipids) and as phospholipids (20–30%).¹⁴C was present in nearly the same proportion as³H (13% of injected radioactivity after only 2 min, 11% at 30 min).¹⁴C radioactivity was contained in 18∶1 in higher proportion than 22∶1 (45% in triglycerides, 65% in phospholipids). Since labeled triglycerides of blood, rich in (¹⁴C) 18∶1, mainly originate from the liver triglycerides, it appears that 18∶1 is the major form of utilization of 22∶1 in the tissues after its conversion in liver. In the other organs tested, radioactivity was found 10–15 times lower than in liver. In the heart,¹⁴C was 3 to 4 times higher than³H. More than 80% was recovered as 22∶1 in triglycerides. In spleen and kidneys, the¹⁴C:³H ratio was particularly high in free fatty acids and monoglycerides. In kidneys, 60% of¹⁴C was present as nervonic acid (24∶1) in monoglycerides and 40% in phospholipids, suggesting that the mononervonin formed was used for phospholipid biosynthesis. A preliminary report of this work was presented at the 10th International Congress of Nutrition, Kyoto, Japan, August 1975.     

Infrared study of nitrogen monoxide adsorption on palladium ion-exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts

The adsorption of NO at room temperature on a H-ZSM-5 catalyst exchanged with Pd(NH₃) ₄ ²⁺ complex and activated in oxygen at 773 K has been examined by FTIR spectroscopy. After the oxidizing treatment, the Pd tetrammine complex decomposed into Pd(II) ions and/or Pd(II) hydroxyl complexes dispersed in the zeolite channels. The subsequent adsorption of NO at room temperature led to the reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(I) entities, resulting in the formation and adsorption of NO₂ on H-ZSM-5. The Pd(I) entities were shown to adsorb NO and form mononitrosyl complexes dispersed in the zeolite porosity and characterized by a single infrared absorption band at 1881 cm^–1. The Pd(I) mononitrosyl complex was shown to reversibly coordinate water and NO₂ molecules. The resulting nitrosyl complex was characterized by a single NO vibration band at 1836 cm^–1.     

Devitrification Kinetics and Mechanism of K2O–CaO–SrO–BaO–B2O3–SiO2 Glass-Ceramic

The devitrification kinetics and mechanism of a low-dielectric, low-temperature, cofirable K₂O–CaO–SrO–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glass-ceramic have been investigated. Crystalline phases including cristobalite (SiO₂) and pseudowollastonite ((Ca,Ba,Sr) SiO₃) are formed during firing. Activation energy analysis shows that the nucleation of the crystalline phases is controlled by phase separation of the glass. The crystallization kinetics of both cristobalite and pseudowollastonite obey Avrami-like behavior, and the results show an apparent activation energy close to that of the diffusion of alkaline and alkali ions in the glass, suggesting that diffusion is rate limiting. The above conclusion is further supported by analysis of measured growth rates.     

鼻肠减压管插入技术及其在小肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探讨鼻肠减压管插入技术及在治疗小肠梗阻中的作用。方法作为主要治疗方法或术前胃肠道减压术在１０例急性小肠梗阻患者中实施了鼻肠减压管插入治疗。治疗在X线透视下实施,鼻肠减压导管经一侧鼻孔插入,在患者体位的配合和配套导丝的引导下,将鼻肠减压管插入至十二指肠屈氏韧带附近或更远处的小肠。结果全部病例鼻肠减压管均顺利通过幽门插入预定位置,平均操作时间１６min（１０～３５min）,经导管治疗后所有患者腹痛、腹胀、呕吐等症状均有不同程度缓解,其中４例（单纯性肠粘连）症状完全消失,２周后拔除导管;３例患者转手术治疗;３例放弃进一步治疗。在插管过程中未出现消化道出血、穿孔等与操作相关的并发症。结论在X线透视下鼻肠减压管插入相对简单,耗时短,在手术前的胃肠减压和治疗单纯粘连性肠梗阻的作用上效果明显,值得采用     

经皮血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄性疾病

目的探讨应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病的疗效。方法回顾分析１０例１１支锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞病变行血管内介入治疗的临床资料。结果１０例８支锁骨下动脉狭窄病变（狭窄率大于７０％）成功置入支架,３支闭塞锁骨下动脉中１支成功置入支架,２支闭塞锁骨下动脉未能开通。７例经股动脉置入支架,１例经肱动脉逆行置入支架。锁骨下动脉支架成功置入后肱动脉及桡动脉搏动良好,伴有盗血现象的５例患者症状消失。随访２～２４个月发现１例锁骨下动脉支架置入后９个月近年来血管腔内技术发展迅速,已成为动脉狭窄和闭塞性疾病的重要治疗手段之一。锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞是常见的阻塞性颅外脑血管病,不仅可引起上肢缺血症状,若闭塞发生在锁骨下动脉近端,可致同侧椎动脉血流逆流至锁骨下动脉远端供应患侧上肢,引起椎－基底动脉供血不足症状,谓锁骨下动脉盗血综合征（subclavian steal syndrome ,SSS）。为探讨应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病的疗效,我院于２００４年６月至２００７年４月对１０例锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞患者进行了治疗,现报道如下。１材料与方法１．１材料１．１．１临床资料本组１０例患者中男９例,女１例。年龄４５～７５岁,平均６６岁。单纯左锁骨下动脉病变７例（闭塞３例,狭窄４例）,单纯右锁骨下动脉狭窄２例,双锁骨下动脉狭窄１例。９例患者患肢动脉压比对侧低２０mmHg 以上,１例患者双侧锁骨下动脉狭窄无明显血压差。８例上肢有感觉异常伴脉搏减弱或无脉,７例有长期头晕病史,５例经颅多普勒超声检查（TCD）显示有椎动脉逆流。临床诊断动脉硬化９例,病理诊断大动脉炎１例。１例合并右肾动脉闭塞,１例合并对侧椎动脉重度狭窄,２例合并一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄。１．１．２使用材料与设备本组选择３种类型的镍钛合金自膨支架,有Protege（EV３,美国）７枚,Precise RX（Cordis,美国）１枚,Maris（Invatec,意大利）１枚。直径８～１０mm,长度４～６cm。使用血管造影设备为西门子AXIOM ARTIS FA DSA系统。１．２介入方法１．２．１术前血管造影采用Seldinger技术行股动脉穿刺,置入５F导管鞘。用５F猪尾导管、猎人头管、西蒙管或单弯管行主动脉弓及全脑DSA,明确病变血管的部位、形态、范围、侧支循环及其他脑血管供血情况,测量血管狭窄或闭塞的程度与长度,以便制订手术方案,选择合适的血管支架。对盗血患者行椎动脉造影时可观察到整个盗血过程１．２．２血管内支架成形术采用Seldinger技术行股动脉穿刺,置入８F导管鞘。将８F导引管与“y”阀、三通、压力盐水袋连接并排气,在黑泥鳅加硬交换导丝引导下,将导引管置于病变锁骨下动脉近端,送入导丝并越过狭窄段至远端,选择直径８mm、长４cm球囊（Cordis,美国）沿导丝送入狭窄段,用压力泵在６～１２atm下扩张１～２次,每次３０s左右,间隔１～２min。撤出球囊导管,将支架递送系统再狭窄,后再置入１枚支架,血管开通良好。１例患者双侧锁骨下动脉狭窄同时置入２枚支架后２个月突发脑出血死亡。结论应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法,有望成为主要的治疗手段