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71.
Eugene Choi Sung Jean Park Gunhee Lee Seung Kew Yoon Minho Lee Suk Kyeong Lee 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common malignant tumor in the liver, grows and metastasizes rapidly. Despite advances in treatment modalities, the five-year survival rate of HCC remains less than 30%. We sought genetic mutations that may affect the oncogenic properties of HCC, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis. We found that the GNAQ T96S mutation (threonine 96 to serine alteration of the Gαq protein) was present in 12 out of 373 HCC patients (3.2%). To examine the effect of the GNAQ T96S mutation on HCC, we transfected the SK-Hep-1 cell line with the wild-type or the mutant GNAQ T96S expression vector. Transfection with the wild-type GNAQ expression vector enhanced anchorage-independent growth, migration, and the MAPK pathways in the SK-Hep-1 cells compared to control vector transfection. Moreover, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and the MAPK pathways were further enhanced in the SK-Hep-1 cells transfected with the GNAQ T96S expression vector compared to the wild-type GNAQ-transfected cells. In silico structural analysis shows that the substitution of the GNAQ amino acid threonine 96 with a serine may destabilize the interaction between the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein and GNAQ. This may reduce the inhibitory effect of RGS on GNAQ signaling, enhancing the GNAQ signaling pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping analysis for Korean HCC patients shows that the GNAQ T96S mutation was found in only one of the 456 patients (0.22%). Our data suggest that the GNAQ T96S hotspot mutation may play an oncogenic role in HCC by potentiating the GNAQ signal transduction pathway. 相似文献
72.
73.
Quantification of secondary structure prediction improvement using multiple alignments 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Levin Jonathan M.; Pascarella Stefano; Argos Patrick; Garnier Jean 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1993,6(8):849-854
The use of multiple sequence alignments for secondary structurepredictions is analysed. Seven different protein families, containingonly sequences of known structure, were considered to providea range of alignment and prediction conditions. Using alignmentsobtained by spatial superposition of main chain atoms in knowntertiary protein structures allowed a mean of 8% in secondarystructure prediction accuracy, when compared to those obtainedfrom the individual sequences. Substitution of these alignmentsby those determined directly from an automated sequence alignmentalgorithm showed variations in the prediction accuracy whichcorrelated with the quality of the multiple alignments and distanceof the primary sequence. Secondary structure predictions canbe reliably improved using alignments from an automatic alignmentprocedure with a mean increase of 6.87percnt;, giving an overallprediction accuracy of 68.5%, if there is a minimum of 25% sequenceidentity between all sequences in a family. 相似文献
74.
Sergey V. Ushakov Alexandra Navrotsky Jean A. Tangeman Katheryn B. Helean 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(4):1171-1176
Aerodynamic levitation combined with laser heating was used to prepare melts in the HfO2 –La2 O3 (–Gd2 O3 ) systems. All melts crystallized upon quenching in oxygen. Hf2 La2 O7 pyrochlore and Gd0.5 Hf0.5 O1.75 fluorite phases were identified. Gd0.5 Hf0.5 O1.75 fluorite was transformed into the pyrochlore structure by annealing at 1450°C. Pyrochlore that crystallized from HfO2 - La2 O3 melts contained 31.6–34.2 mol% La2 O3 . The unit cell parameter increased linearly with La content from 10.736 to 10.789 Å. Drop solution calorimetric experiments were performed in 3Na2 O·4MoO3 melt at 702°C. The enthalpies of formation from the oxides for pyrochlore phases are −107.0±5.0 kJ/mol for Hf2 La2 O7 and −48.8±4.7 kJ/mol for Hf2 Gd2 O7 . The enthalpy of the pyrochlore–fluorite phase transition in Hf2 Gd2 O7 is 23.6±3.1 kJ/mol. 相似文献
75.
Jozsef M. Berty Sunggyu Lee Ferenc Szeifert Jean B. Cropley 《Chemical Engineering Communications》1989,76(1):9-33
Testing kinetic models against a “true” and detailed kinetic expression was the aim of the Workshop on Kinetic Model Development at the Denver AIChE Meeting in August, 1983. For this purpose an artificial reaction mechanism was created, based on the known thermodynamics of the methanol synthesis as a framework. The kinetic rate laws, that were derived from this mechanism, were made thermodynamically consistent by achieving agreement between equilibrium constants calculated at various temperatures from the given, real original thermodynamic relationship and those calculated from the detailed reversible kinetic expressions.
Using the artificial kinetics as the "true" one, CSTR experiments were simulated. The results of a statistically designed set of experiments were published after 5% random error was added to the data. Participation was invited for all interested to correlate the data, develop kinetic models and to calculate the performance of the specified reactor.
The results of 19 submitted entries are summarized with the conclusion that the models had more differences than were expected, but their predictive values were not as different as was anticipated, if the extreme high production rates due to thermal runaways are not considered. This in turn points out the necessity to check models experimentally, in pilot plant, not only for predicted optimum, but also for calculated runaway conditions. Models which did not capture the true character of this reaction failed to predict the onset of runaway reactions. 相似文献
Using the artificial kinetics as the "true" one, CSTR experiments were simulated. The results of a statistically designed set of experiments were published after 5% random error was added to the data. Participation was invited for all interested to correlate the data, develop kinetic models and to calculate the performance of the specified reactor.
The results of 19 submitted entries are summarized with the conclusion that the models had more differences than were expected, but their predictive values were not as different as was anticipated, if the extreme high production rates due to thermal runaways are not considered. This in turn points out the necessity to check models experimentally, in pilot plant, not only for predicted optimum, but also for calculated runaway conditions. Models which did not capture the true character of this reaction failed to predict the onset of runaway reactions. 相似文献
76.
Xiaohong Gu Tinh Nguyen Mounira Oudina David Martin Bouchra Kidah Joan Jasmin Aziz Rezig Lipiin Sung Eric Byrd Jonathan W. Martin Derek L. Ho Y. C. Jean 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):547-556
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the morphology and microstructure of an amine-cured epoxy before and
after outdoor exposure. Measurements were made from samples prepared in an essentially CO2-free, H2O-free glove box and from samples prepared in ambient conditions. For those prepared in a CO2-free glove box, AFM imaging was conducted on (1) an unexposed air/coating surface, (2) an unexposed coating bulk, (3) an
unexposed coating/substrate interface, and (4) a field exposed air/coating surface. For samples prepared in ambient conditions,
only the unexposed air/coating surface was investigated. The same regions of the exposed samples were scanned periodically
by the AFM to monitor changes in the surface morphology of the coating as UV exposure progressed. Small angle neutron scattering
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies were performed to verify the microstructure and to follow chemical
changes during outdoor exposure, respectively. The results have shown that amine blushing, which occurs only under ambient
conditions, had a significant effect on the surface morphology and microstructure of the epoxy. The surface morphology of
the samples prepared under CO2-free, dry conditions was generally smooth and homogeneous. However, the interface and the bulk samples clearly revealed a
two-phase structure consisting of bright nodular domains and dark interstitial regions, indicating an inhomogeneous microstructure.
Such heterogeneous structure of the bulk was in good agreement with results obtained by small angle neutron scattering of
unexposed samples and by AFM phase imaging of the degraded sample surface. The relationship between submicrometer physical
changes and molecular chemical degradation is discussed.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago,
IL. 相似文献
77.
Effect of dietary n−3 and n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipid-metabolizing enzymes in obese rat liver 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Isabelle Niot Joseph Gresti Jacqueline Boichot Georges Semporé Georges Durand Jean Bézard Pierre Clouet 《Lipids》1994,29(7):481-489
This study was designed to examine whether n−3 and n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a very low dietary level (about 0.2%)
would alter liver activities in respect to fatty acid oxidation. Obese Zucker rats were used because of their low level of
fatty acid oxidation, which would make increases easier to detect. Zucker rats were fed diets containing different oil mixtures
(5%, w/w) with the same ratio of n−6/n−3 fatty acids supplied either as fish oil or arachidonic acid concentrate. Decreased
hepatic triacylglycerol levels were observed only with the diet containing fish oil. In mitochondrial outer membranes, which
support carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity, cholesterol content was similar for all diets, while the percentage of
22∶6n−3 and 20∶4n−6 in phospholipids was enhanced about by 6 and 3% with the diets containing fish oil and arachidonic acid,
respectively. With the fish oil diet, the only difference found in activities related to fatty acid oxidation was the lower
sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I to malonyl-CoA inhibition. With the diet containing arachidonic acid, peroxisomal
fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity were markedly depressed. Compared with the control diet,
the diets enriched in fish oil and in arachidonic acid gave rise to a higher specific activity of aryl-ester hydrolase in
microsomal fractions. We suggest that slight changes in composition of n−3 or n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial
outer membranes may alter carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity. 相似文献
78.
The direct catalytic conversion of alkanes into aromatics has found potentially important industrial applications. Initially only alkanes with 6 and more carbon atoms in the chain were concerned. Supported platinum catalysts were found active for the aromatization of alkanes; the drawbacks of these catalysts were their deactivation with time on stream and the existence of simultaneous parallel reactions. Much discussion has been published on the aromatization of C6+ alkanes. A bifunctional mechanism which involves both the metal and the acid sites of the support and a monofunctional mechanism involving only the metallic sites operate over, respectively, Pt supported on acidic support and Pt supported on nonacidic support. In the present review the mechanisms proposed for the aromatization of alkanes are described. Over monofunctional Pt catalysts two possible mechanisms prevail: 1,6 ring closure on the Pt surface involving primary and secondary C-H bond rupture, followed by dehydrogenation of the cycloalkanes into aromatics (1,5 ring closure to a lesser extent also contributes to aromatic production); or dehydrogenation of the alkanes into olefins, dienes, and trienes followed by thermal ring closure. Zeolites were found most suitable as support for preparing catalysts more active and more selective in the alkane aromatization. In addition catalysts based on noble metals supported on zeolite appeared more resistant against deactivation by coke. In this review the aromatization of hexane, heptane, and octane over Pt-zeolite catalysts is discussed in detail. Comparisons between different zeolite structures and different dehydrogenation sites are given. In particular a critical analysis of the results and interpretation concerning Pt-KL catalysts strongly suggests that the exceptional high selectivity towards aromatization of n-hexane exhibited by Pt-KL could not be explained by only the nest or constraint effect exerted by the channel dimension and morphology, not by only the terminal cracking properties, not by only the partial electron transfer from the zeolite support to the Pt particles, and not by only the Pt particle size. Zeolite structure also affects the aromatic product distribution, in particular when the alkane contains more than 7 carbon atoms. It is shown how Pt on medium-pore zeolites such as In-ZSM-5, silicalites will favor the aromatization of C8 alkane isomers into ethylbenzene-styrene with respect to other C8 aromatics. Aromatization of light alkanes, C2-C5, requires the increase of the hydrocarbon chain length up to 6 carbon atoms and higher, followed by cyclization reaction. Recently new processes to convert C2-C5 alkanes into aromatics have been disclosed, M2-forming from Mobil, Cyclar from BP-UOP, and Aroforming from IFP-Saluted. In general these processes use bifunctional catalysts possessing a dehydrogenating and an acid function. The catalysts consist of a metal ion or metal oxide supported on a microporous acid solid. In this review we analyze the results concerning mainly platinum supported on pentasil-type zeolite. It is shown that althoug Pt has better dehydrogenating properties as compared with gallium and zinc, the efficiency of catalysts based on Pt-ZSM-5 for light alkane aromatization is less because undersirable reactions such as hydrogenolysis and ethene (olefins) hydrogenation occur on the platinum surface, resulting in the production of unreactive alkanes, CH2, C2H6. These drawbacks could be partially suppressed by alloying Pt and by increasing the reaction temperature. 相似文献
79.
80.
Frédéric Destaillats Jean B. Jean-Denis Joseph Arul Robert L. Wolff Paul Angers 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(11):1091-1094
GC analysis was performed to determine regiospecific distribution and FA composition in seed oils of the Aceraceae species,
Acer saccharum and A. saccharinum. The oil content in the seeds was low at 5.0% in A. saccharum and 5.8% in A. saccharinum, and the main FA were linoleic (30.8 and 29.4%), oleic (21.3 and 27.6%), palmitic (10.1 and 10.5%), and cis-vaccenic (9.4 and 7.9%) acids, respectively. In addition, both oils contained long-chain monoenes of the n−9 and n−7 groups,
including 11-eicosenoic, 13-docosenoic, 15-tetracosenoic, 13-eicosenoic, and 15-docosenoic acids, whereas γ-linolenic acid
accounted for 0.8% of total FA in A. saccharum, and 0.5% in A. saccharinum. Regiospecific analysis, performed using the methodology of dibutyroyl derivatives of MAG, indicated that linoleic, oleic,
and linolenic acids were mainly esterified at the internal position of TAG in both seed oils, whereas long-chain monoenes
of the n−7 group were almost exclusively esterified on the external positions. 相似文献