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51.
Jean-Claude Bureau Bernard Bonnetot Pierre Claudy Hassan Eddaoudi 《Materials Research Bulletin》1985,20(10):1147-1155
The Raman spectra of lithium tetrahydroaluminate (LiAlH4) and tetradeuteroaluminate (LiAlD4) in their room pressure phases have been investigated at room temperature. Internal vibrational modes as well as lattice modes have been observed. As the cristallographic structure of LiAlH4-α is not fully determined, a partial vibrational analysis has been performed. Using deuteration as a spectroscopic probe, the separation between librational and translational phonon modes has been established. Raman spectra of the new LiAlD4-α′ form have been analysed. They have confirmed the irreversible transformation of LiAlD4-α′ into the well known LiAlD4- α form, at ca.65°C. 相似文献
52.
Bernard Charra Guillaume Jean Jean-Marc Hurot Jean-Claude Terrat Thierry Vanel Cyril VoVan Foued Maazoun Charles Chazot 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2001,5(1):42-50
While nephrologists wait for the ideal, non invasive, inexpensive, precise, and reproducible tool to evaluate extracellular volume (ECV), they need to exert their clinical acumen in the quest of that holy grail, dry weight (DW). Estimation of DW using a clinical approach based on blood pressure (BP) and ECV is feasible and reliable as shown by successful experiences in various dialysis modes over more than three decades. But a need still exists to resolve difficulties associated with accurate assessment of BP (methods and circumstances of measurement, and the confounding effects of antihypertensive drugs) and ECV (evaluation of weight changes unrelated to ECV, lack of specificity and sensitivity of clinical symptoms, lag time, confusion in terminology). An essential point in clinical assessment of DW is that a normal BP is at the same time the target and the crucial index of DW achievement. For this reason, a trialand‐error “probe” process has to be used at intervals to make sure that the dry weight target point is correctly estimated. The various “non clinical” methods proposed for dry weight assessment increase the complexity and the cost of hemodialysis. They are, in the present state of things, more clinical research than practice tools. They do not replace clinical judgment. 相似文献
53.
54.
Daniil Bograchev Mikael Gueguen Jean-Claude Grandidier Serguei Martemianov 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2008
Numerical modelling of mechanical stresses in running fuel cell is provided. The evolution of stresses and plastic deformations in the membrane has been obtained during the turn-on phase. The operating conditions have been taken into account by imposing the heating sources and the humidity field. The results have been presented on two scales: the global scale reflects the stress evolution in the entire fuel cell and the local one corresponds to the tooth/channel structure. It has been shown that the stresses are strongly heterogeneous on the both scales and time dependent. From the mechanical point of view, the most sensible zone is under the GDL/seal joint interface. In the running fuel cell the heterogeneity decreases while it rises in the fuel cell just after the assembly. The stresses reach the maximum values during the humidification step, the magnitude of these stresses is sufficient for initiation of the plastic deformations in the Nafion membrane. 相似文献
55.
56.
Alain Remond Franois Axisa Jean-Yves Boivin Jean-Claude Bouchter 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》1990,124(3)
Concomitant with the launching of the French pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power program, a large research and development (R&D) effort was initiated, devoted to the steam generators (SGs). This program, managed cooperatively by Framatome, the SG designer and manufacturer; Electricité de France (EDF), the French electrical utility; and the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), the French Atomic Energy Commission, primarily responsible for nuclear research; was focused on four main objectives:
- 1. (1) To obtain a better understanding of the physical phenomena existing in these steam generators and leading to SG performance alterations or operating life reductions.
- 2. (2) To test and validate improved design solutions for the model 51 Framatome steam generator, which was the first one designed under Westinghouse license.
- 3. (3) To test and validate new Framatome SG designs.
- 4. (4) To test and validate new, high-performance design tools.
- • - SG thermal-hydraulics,
- • - SG tube vibration and wear,
- • - SG materials (production, corrosion, etc.),
- • - Primary and secondary fluid chemistry,
- • - SG technology (manufacturing processes, NDT, etc.),
- • - SG in-service inspection, and
- • - SG maintenance.
57.
Mathieu Martinez Laure Cointeaux Jean-Claude Leprêtre Patrick Judeinstein 《Journal of power sources》2010,195(18):5829-1379
The paper deals with the synthesis and characterisation of proton-conducting ionic liquids (PCILs) and their polymer electrolytes obtained by blending modified Nafion membranes with different concentrations of PCILs. The PCILs are obtained by the neutralization of triethylamine with different organic acids. The first part of the paper studies the influence of acidity and acid structure on PCIL thermal and electrochemical performance, while the second part examines membrane conductivity and reveals it to depend more on PCIL structure than on its intrinsic conductivity. At 130 °C, conductivities exceeding 10 mS cm−1 were obtained in fully anhydrous conditions. 相似文献
58.
Macro Daturi Laurent Savary Guylene Costentin Jean-Claude Lavalley 《Catalysis Today》2000,61(1-4):231-236
Two CdMoxW1−xO4 solid solutions with the scheelite and the wolframite structures were synthesised via different techniques and their structures were determined from powder refinements. The limit of the reciprocal solubility of Mo in CdWO4 has been checked. Several compositions of the solid solutions have been tested in the catalytic mild oxidation of propane or propene and relations between the structures and the catalytic activity are proposed. 相似文献
59.
Julien Schaeffer Jean-Claude Le Saux Monica Lora Robert L. Atmar Françoise S. Le Guyader 《International journal of food microbiology》2013
Contaminated shellfish have been implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks in different countries. As no regulation has been set up yet regarding viral contamination of food, very few data are available on the prevalence of contaminated products on the market. This study presents data obtained from oysters collected on the French market in one producing area over a 16 month period of time. Noroviruses were detected in 9% of samples with a seasonal impact and influence of climatic events. Contamination levels were low and, surprisingly, oysters sampled directly from the producer were found to have less contamination than oysters from supermarkets. 相似文献
60.