Interactions of inorganic oxide nanoparticles with sewage biosolids

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in manufacturing continues to increase despite the growing concern over their potential environmental and health effects. Understanding the interaction of NPs and sewage sludge is crucial for determining the ultimate fate of NPs released to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as those interactions will determine whether the bulk of the material is retained in the sludge or released in the effluent stream. Analyzing the affinity of aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, and silicon oxide NPs, which are commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing processes, for biosolids used in municipal WWTPs provides a basis for estimating their removal efficiency. Batch studies were performed and the NPs were shown to partition onto the cellular surface. At the maximum equilibrium values tested (75-92 mg nanoparticles/L), the concentration of Al(2)O(3), CeO(2) and SiO(2) associated with the sludge was 137, 238, and 28 mg/g-sludge VSS, respectively. These results suggest that electrostatic interactions play a major role in determining NP association with biosolids.     

TPS6211x电源供应设计的实际考虑

作者:Jeff Falin、Bill Johns·电源管理产品/便携式电源DC/DC应用TPS6211x dc/dc转换器是一种同步降压转换器,其输入电压最高可达17V,输出电压范围为1.2-16V,输出电流高达1.5A。该器件可以高效地将两节锂离子电池、铅酸蓄电池或12V-15V系统电压降至5V、3.3V或者更低。图1为典型应用电路。图1:典型应用本文将提供TPS62111x降压转换器的示例应用并对关键特性进行总结,以供实际设计参考。外部组件的尺寸要求集成FET及内部补偿功能可进一步减少外部组件教。假设不使用集成输出电压与输入电压监控电路,则固定输出电压(5V或3.3V)时仅…     

全湿法、无灰化的全新去胶技术

在集成电路（IC）制造中，需要多次重复去除掩模用光刻胶这一步骤，因此清洁、高效地去胶工艺非常重要。90nm高性能逻辑器件的制造过程使用超过30次光刻工艺。从晶圆表面去除光刻胶的能力在很大程度是由光刻胶性质和工艺历史决定的。在离子注入工艺中，图形化的光刻胶起掩模的作用，特别难以清除。大剂量的离子注入（〉1×l014ions／cm^2）将光刻胶表面脱氢并高度交联，其性能很像非晶碳。改性光刻胶的厚度由注入剂量、注入能量和注入离子种类决定。     

Maternally modulated infant separation responses are regulated by D2-family dopamine receptors.

Although dopamine is necessary for mammalian adult pair-bond formation and maternal behavior, its function in infant social behavior and attachment has been less thoroughly explored. The vocalization rate of an isolated rat pup is influenced by recent social contact. Interactions with the dam potentiate vocalization rate. Interactions with littermates or adult males do not. Systemic administration of the D2-family agonist quinpirole specifically blocked maternal potentiation at doses that did not alter vocalization rate in an isolation prior to dam contact. This result was not explained by quinpirole's effects on body temperature or locomotion. The results are consistent with a role for dopamine in infant social behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Specifying and enforcing application-level Web security policies

Application-level Web security refers to vulnerabilities inherent in the code of a Web-application itself (irrespective of the technologies in which it is implemented or the security of the Web-server/back-end database on which it is built). In the last few months, application-level vulnerabilities have been exploited with serious consequences: Hackers have tricked e-commerce sites into shipping goods for no charge, usernames and passwords have been harvested, and confidential information (such as addresses and credit-card numbers) has been leaked. We investigate new tools and techniques which address the problem of application-level Web security. We 1) describe a scalable structuring mechanism facilitating the abstraction of security policies from large Web-applications developed in heterogeneous multiplatform environments; 2) present a set of tools which assist programmers in developing secure applications which are resilient to a wide range of common attacks; and 3) report results and experience arising from our implementation of these techniques.     

Open-Source Change Logs

A recent editorial in Empirical Software Engineering suggested that open-source software projects offer a great deal of data that can be used for experimentation. These data not only include source code, but also artifacts such as defect reports and update logs. A common type of update log that experimenters may wish to investigate is the ChangeLog, which lists changes and the reasons for which they were made. ChangeLog files are created to support the development of software rather than for the needs of researchers, so questions need to be asked about the limitations of using them to support research. This paper presents evidence that the ChangeLog files provided at three open-source web sites were incomplete. We examined at least three ChangeLog files for each of three different open-source software products, namely, GNUJSP, GCC-g++, and Jikes. We developed a method for counting changes that ensures that, as far as possible, each individual ChangeLog entry is treated as a single change. For each ChangeLog file, we compared the actual changes in the source code to the entries in the ChangeLog> file and discovered significant omissions. For example, using our change-counting method, only 35 of the 93 changes in version 1.11 of Jikes appear in the ChangeLog file—that is, over 62% of the changes were not recorded there. The percentage of omissions we found ranged from 3.7 to 78.6%. These are significant omissions that should be taken into account when using ChangeLog files for research. Before using ChangeLog files as a basis for research into the development and maintenance of open-source software, experimenters should carefully check for omissions and inaccuracies.     

Dedicated temperature sensing with c-axis oriented single-crystal ruby (Cr/sup 3+/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) fibers: temperature and strain dependences of R-line fluorescence

Single-crystal fibers of ruby (Cr/sup 3+/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) with approximately 0.1 wt.% Cr/sup 3+/ have been produced by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The fluorescence emissions of the R/sub 1/ and R/sub 2/ lines were studied as functions of temperature and strain. Fluorescence decay lifetime measurements indicate that these fibers may be suitable for thermometric applications up to 973 K while strain measurements show only a very weak dependence. Similarly, characterization of the R-line shifts also show a weak strain sensitivity and an appreciably larger change with temperature. One fiber sample has been tested to destruction to demonstrate this weak strain dependence. Single-crystal ruby fibers are, thus, found to be potential candidates for dedicated temperature sensing from room temperature to /spl sim/923 K.     

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Physiological Hyperarousal Scale for Children.

Considerable empirical support exists for the positive affect and negative affect components of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression proposed by L. A. Clark and D. Watson (1991); however, less attention has been paid to the physiological hyperarousal component of the model. The development of the Physiological Hyperarousal Scale for Children (PH-C; J. Laurent, S. J. Catanzaro, & T. E. Joiner Jr., 1995) is described. The psychometric properties of items are examined using students in Grades 6-12 (N = 398). Initial scale validation includes a joint factor analysis with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C; J. Laurent et al., 1999; J. Laurent, K. Potter, & S. J. Catanzaro, 1994). The relationship between the PH-C and existing measures that tap related constructs is examined. Together, the PH-C and PANAS-C provide a means to assess tripartite model constructs useful in differentiating anxiety and depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)