Performance of a non‐load‐bearing steel stud gypsum board wall assembly: Experiments and modelling

A gypsum wall assembly was exposed to an intense real‐scale compartment fire. For the wall assembly, temperatures were measured at the exposed face, within the stud cavity, and at the unexposed face during the fire exposure. Total heat flux gauges were used to measure the temporal variation of the energy incident on the walls, and cameras, both visual and infrared, were used to image the unexposed face of the wall assembly during the fire exposure. The behaviour of the wall assembly under the fire load is discussed as are current model results for a simulation of the fire test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

五步创造有效的规划

<正> 对一个团队和组织来说,创造一个有效的规划是最具挑战性的任务之一。规划在这里不是指几个简单的句子,而是一种对未来状态的彻底的清晰认识,它包括对价值观、步骤、结构、技术、工作角色和环境的明确认识。但问题是:需要采取什么样的步骤才能为自己的组织创造一个有效和可行的规划呢?本文介绍的模块提供了一些基本的步骤,它们能大大提高创造一个有效的规划的可能性。     

CompactPCI系统管理

~~CompactPCI系统管理@Jeff Munch$凌华科技!技术长暨国际PICMG 3.0委员会主席     

Effect of thermal treatment on ZnO substrate for epitaxial growth

ZnO is a highly efficient photon emitter, and has optical and piezoelectric properties that are attractive for a variety of applications in sensors and potentially optoelectronic devices such as emitters. Due to its identical stacking order and close lattice match to GaN, it is also being developed as a substrate material for GaN epitaxy. However, the surface finish of the ZnO is such that much of the damage induced by sawing and follow up mechanical polishing remains. We developed a thermal treatment method to eliminate surface damage on the 0 face of ZnO (0 0 0 1) to prepare it for epitaxial growth. Atomic force microscopy images of ZnO (0 0 0 1) annealed at 1050 °C for 3 h etc. show that residual scratches from mechanical polishing are removed and atomically flat, terrace-like surfaces are attained. In addition, low-temperature photoluminescence and high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements have been employed to investigate the effect of annealing on ZnO substrates.     

选择正确的DC/DC转换器拓扑

基于电子设备的处理器系统设计人员经常在选择最佳电源架构时遇到困难。有时最佳的解决方案是插入式电源,而有时采用分立的元件组成的电源才是最佳解决方案。选择插入式电源解决方案相对来说比较直接,但对于缺乏电源设计经验的数字设计人员来说,设计一个分立电源解决方案可能会使他望而却步。大多 DC/DC 电源控制 IC 供应商均可提供有助于电路设计的详细辅助材料。但是,在开始电源设计之前,设计人员必须选择正确的拓扑。本文将介绍以下方法,来帮助为某些用于MCU、DSP及基于FPGA 的电子产品的最常用结构选择正确的电源拓扑。线性调节…     

One‐dimensional finite element solution for tall building structures unified plane panels formulation

In a previous paper (Mancini and Savassi, 1999), it was shown that every plane panel, used to brace tall building structures, can be easily and generally approached through the use of the continuous medium technique (CMT) (Albigés and Goulet, 1960). In that paper, following a so‐called local formulation, i.e., by deriving the governing differential equations system of the panel, in terms of u(z) panel horizontal displacement and w_i columns or walls axial displacements, the equivalence (likeness) of formal mathematics, and hence of structural behaviour, between the panel composed by a pair of shear walls associated by lintel beams and another panel formed by the plane association, by pinned horizontal bars, of one shear wall and one single bay frame, was also shown. In both cases, axial deformations due to axial forces on vertical members were taken into account. In this paper, confirming those conclusions, but now following a global formulation (i.e., considering the total potential energy of each panel: strain energy plus applied load potentials), the mathematical equivalence between those two types of plane panels is again revealed by comparison of their two total potential energy analytical expressions. Additionally, based on that variational approach, the one‐dimensional finite element formulation is presented. This enlarges the possibilities of solutions for more general types of panels, like those with variable geometry or loading, without any further difficulty. The procedure, for any type of panel, can be codified in one single computer program, very similar to those used to solve plain continuous beam problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Referenzprozesse für elektronische Ausschreibungen aus Sicht des industriellen Einkaufs

Many companies and purchasing departments only possess a limited knowledge about the modelling of inter-company business processes for electronic procurement. In the past the discussion about electronic procurement was mostly focused on technical aspects. This article introduces a reference process model for procurement auctions. The process model is made up of a basic process, which describes a minimal process for procurement auctions, and a number of process alternatives, which allow for the adoption of the basic process to changing parameters and individual company requirements.     

The 70 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of nascent secretory proteins are protected from proteolysis by the ribosome and the protein translocation apparatus of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane

We have used proteolysis to examine the environment through which nascent secretory proteins are translocated across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. After solubilization of rough microsomes with detergent, fragments comprised of the approximately 70 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of translocating nascent chains initiated and targeted in vivo were protected from digestion by added proteases. About 40 amino acids of nascent chains were protected from proteolysis by the ribosome; thus, membrane-derived components protect an additional 30 amino acids. Under conditions in which those 30 additional amino acids are protected, only a small set of integral membrane proteins remained associated with the ribosome. These proteins include the Sec61 complex previously identified as the core component of the membrane-bound protein translocation apparatus. These results support the concept of a translocation pore that makes intimate contact with the ribosome and thereby protects nascent chains from proteolytic digestion for an additional, constant length.