多通道及多速率高速串行通讯系统的串扰测量技术

由于在高操作频率下并行系统存在一些缺陷(如:偏斜、时序预算及布局限制),许多系统因此转向串行接口传输信息.     

Nature of fecal sterols and intestinal bacterial flora

Sterol excretion in the spontaneously atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau (WC) pigeon, the Silver King (SK) pigeon and the Show Racer (SR) pigeon was studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC), argentation TLC and gas liquid chromatography. Unlike man and the chicken, these pigeons excreted no coprostanol or coprostanone derivatives of sterols. Moreover incubation of¹⁴C-labeled cholesterol with pigeon feces indicated that, also unlike man and the chicken, these pigeons are unable to convert it to coprostanol. Bacteriologic examination revealed the absence of gram-negative anaerobic flora and of members of the genusBifidobacterium in both the WC and SR pigeons. On the other hand, one of the two SK pigeons examined showed evidence of the presence of bothBacteroids fragilis andB. bifidum in the upper intestinal tract. Although no qualitative experiments were performed, no unusual characteristics of the aerobic flora were noted in these pigeons. In addition, analysis of human stool specimens indicated a “normal” bowel flora. The flora of the intestinal tract of the chicken is similar to that of the human. Because of this similarity, it appears that differences in environment (living conditions, diets) between the human and the chicken are of little consequence. The results obtained in this study suggest the possibility that the anaerobic gram-negative flora and sponsible, at least in part, for the chemical conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol. Presented in part at the Fourth International Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, Philadelphia, September 1971, and at the AOCS Meeting, Los Angeles, April 1972. The following nomenclature has been used for the steroids referred to in this paper: cholesterol, cholest-Δ⁵-en-3β-ol; coprostanol, 5β-cholestan-3β-ol; campesterol, 24-methylcholest-Δ⁵-en-3βol; stigmasterol, 24-ethylcholest-Δ^5,22-dien-3β-ol; β-sitosterol, 24-ethylcholest-Δ⁵-en-3β-ol; coprocampestanol, 24-methyl-5β-cholestan-3β-ol; coprostigmastenol, 24-ethyl-5β-cholest-Δ²²-en-3β-ol; coprostigmastanol, 24-ethyl-5β-cholestan-3β-ol; coprostanone, 5β-cholestan-3-one; campestanone, 24-methyl-5β-cholestan-3-one; stigmastenone, 24-ethyl-5β-cholest-Δ²²-en-3-one; and β-sitostanone, 24-ethyl-5β-cholestan-3-one.     

A novel approach in multimodality medical image fusion using optimal shearlet and deep learning

Multi-modality medical image fusion (MMIF) procedures have been generally utilized in different clinical applications. MMIF can furnish an image with anatomical as well as physiological data for specialists that could advance the diagnostic procedures. Various models were proposed earlier related to MMIF though there is a need still exists to enhance the efficiency of the previous techniques. In this research, the authors proposed a novel fusion model based on optimal thresholding with deep learning concepts. An enhanced monarch butterfly optimization (EMBO) is utilized to decide the optimal threshold of fusion rules in shearlet transform. Then, low and high-frequency sub-bands were fused on the basis of feature maps and were given by the extraction part of the deep learning method. Here, restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) was utilized to conduct the MMIF procedure. A benchmark dataset was utilized for training and testing purposes. The investigations were conducted utilizing a set of generally-utilized pre-enrolled CT and MR images that are publicly accessible. From the usage of fused low and high level frequency groups, the fused image can be attained. The simulation performance results were attained and the proposed model was proved to offer effective performance in terms of SD, edge quality (EQ), mutual information (MI), fusion factor (FF), entropy, correlation factor (CF), and spatial frequency (SF) with respective values being 97.78, 0.96, 5.71, 6.53, 7.43, 0.97, and 25.78 over the compared methods.     

High-efficiency inverted polymer solar cells with double interlayer

We have studied the performance of normal and inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells with an active layer composed of a blend of poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl] (PDTS-BTD) and {6,6}-phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC(71)BM). For inverted cells, a thin layer of ZnO nanoparticles and MoO(3) were used as interlayers for the bottom cathode and the top anode respectively. To enhance the device performance, a thin film of 4,4',4″-tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (MTDATA) was used along with MoO(3) as an anode interlayer to improve the hole extraction from the photoactive layer to the anode. The inverted polymer solar cells with double interlayer exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency of 6.45% compared to the conventional cell of 4.91% due to efficient charge extraction and favorable vertical morphology of active layer blend. Our ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy results indicate that the formation of band bending due to interlayer leads to the enhancement in hole extraction.     

Multi-product batch scheduling with intermediate due dates using priced timed automata models

In this contribution, we discuss an extension of the earlier work on scheduling using reachability analysis of timed automata (TA) models, specifically addressing the problem of tardiness minimization. In the TA-based approach the resources, recipes and additional timing constraints are modeled independently as sets of priced timed automata. The sets of individual automata are synchronized by means of synchronization labels and are composed by parallel composition to form a global automaton. The global automaton has an initial location where no operations have been started and at least one target location where all operations that are required to produce the demanded quantities of end-products within the specified due dates have been finished. A cost-optimal symbolic reachability analysis is performed on the composed automaton to derive schedules with the objective of minimizing tardiness. The model formulation is extended to include release dates of the raw materials and due dates of the production orders. The meeting of due dates is modeled by causing additional costs (e.g. penalties for late delivery and storage costs for early production). The modeling approach and the performance of the approach are tested for two different case studies and the results are compared with that of a MILP formulation solved using the standard solver CPLEX. The numerical experiments demonstrate, that the TA-based approach is competitive compared to standard commercial solvers and good feasible solutions are obtained with considerably reduced computational effort.     

Detailed study on the effect of nano-particle size on emission characteristics of diesel engine

This work examines the effect of particle size of silicon oxide (SiO₂) nanoparticle on the emissions characteristics of four-stroke, single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine fueled with neat diesel (D100). Silicon oxide as an additive in various particle-size of 10?nm and 20?nm is included to D100 and termed as D100SiO₂10 and D100SiO₂20. The experimental result proved that the CO and HC emissions are 3.3% and 3.7% lower for D100SiO₂10 than D100 at 3.5?bar BMEP. SiO₂ nanoparticle further reduces CO and HC emissions by 3.2% and 2.6% correspondingly for D100SiO₂20 than D100. The degree of NO_x emission in D100 is 4.6% higher at 3.5?bar BMEP. When compared to D100, tailpipe NOx emission was found to be 1.7% and 2.6% lower when fueled with D100SiO₂10 and D100SiO₂20. In addition, the tailpipe smoke emission was found to be 0.7% lower when fueled with D100.     

The influence of injection parameters on the performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine using biofuel-blended-pure diesel fuel

The transport sector is the most essential driver of growth and economic development, which is one of the biggest contributors to climate change, responsible for almost a quarter of the global carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper, the experiments were conducted for an injection timing of 21° with standard injection pressure of 220?bar at different proportions such as 20%, 40% and 60% of biodiesel blends with pure diesel fuel. Other parameters like injection pressure and mass flow rate are kept constant. The performance parameters for running the engine are 1500?rpm and a rated power of 4.4?kW. The performance test resulted in the increased BTE and reduction in the SFEC for B20 blend as compared to the other proportions. The emission characteristics show that the CO, UHC and NO_x were decreased for B20 when compared with the other proportions.     

Significance of Aluminum on Hardness of Titanium Aluminum Nitride Deposited by Magnetron Co-Sputtering

Ti_{1− x} Al _x N films were synthesized by reactive magnetron co-sputtering with different aluminum compositions. X-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectrometry, nanoindentation, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to analyze these films. The as-deposited films were crystalline for concentrations of Al (35%, 40%, 55%, and 64%) and at 81% it became amorphous. Nanoindentation hardness increases with aluminum and started to decrease beyond 81% of aluminum. Continuous multicycle indentation technique is used to analyze the failure mode of the film with highest hardness. AFM topography analysis of this film exhibited edge cracks outside and inside the indentation area and sink-in when the penetration reaches the substrate.